46 The Townsend Bee Book 
may be left in the upper stories has thus hatched out before ex- 
tracting. 
The old orthodox plan of placing the empty super above the 
queen-excluder and under the partly filled one is still practiced 
by the majority of Michigan beekeepers; and when the first one 
is about two-thirds full it is lifted up and an empty one placed 
beneath. This plan is continued clear through the season, the 
advantage claimed for this system of extra work being that, by 
lifting up the full stories and placing the empty ones next to the 
brood-chamber, the bees are stimulated to greater activity by this 
dividing of the hive when placing the empty combs next to the 
brood-chamber. Now, while I admit that it may be advisable to 
put an empty comb-honey super next to the brood-chamber, after 
a long experience I fail to see where the advantage is in the pro- 
duction of extracted honey, and where there is any gain in lifting 
up heavy upper stories during the honey season, especially when 
the extracting is all done at one time. 
THE USE OF AN EXCLUDER TO PREVENT BROOD IN THE 
SUPERS, AND HOW BY THEM A WHITER HONEY IS 
SECURED 
Before leaving this subject I would say that, if one does much 
extracting during the honey-flow, or in the case of a beginner who 
has had but little experience, I would advise the use of an exclud- 
er, for there must be no unsealed brood in the extracting-combs 
or the honey obtained will not be of good quality. The very sight 
of these young grubs floating on top of the honey would be enough 
to condemn the plan of trying to manage without an excluder. 
If a visitor should happen to come in, those grubs would, of 
course, be called worms, and it would not help the sale if it should 
get out that the honey is ‘‘ wormy.’’ Then there is the food pro- 
vided for the larve, some of which is thrown out with the honey, 
and this surely makes the honey of a poorer quality. My advice, 
therefore, is to use an excluder under such circumstances until you 
learn a better way. 
