1 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Birds that excavate their nesting holes in trees. Here belong all 

 our nine species of woodpeckers, Chickadee (usually), White-breasted nut- 

 hatch and Red-breasted nuthatch (partially excavate their holes). 



Birds that nest in boxes. Under this heading we place those species 

 that are known to avail themselves of bird boxes: Wood duck (occasion- 

 ally), Screech owl. Crested flycatcher (occasionally), Purple martin. Tree 

 swallow, Carolina wren, House wren, Chickadee (occasionally), Robin (in 

 boxes with large openings). Bluebird, Starling, English sparrow. All 

 species which nest in hollows, included under the previous heading, might be 

 induced by judicious treatment to nest in properly prepared boxes or 

 hollowed limbs. 



Birds that nest on structures erected by man. These species, like 

 the last, have shown some adaptation to civilized surroundings and furnish 

 clues to methods which might be employed to increase their numbers. 

 Under this heading we include the Mourning dove (rarely on fence posts 

 and fence rails). Fish hawk (on wheels or platforms erected on poles). 

 Barn owl (in belfries and outbuildings). Screech owl (in openings in gable 

 ends etc.). Downy woodpecker. Red-headed woodpecker and Flicker 

 (in posts and poles), Nighthawk (on flat roofs). Chimney swift (in unused 

 chimneys and gable ends). Kingbird (rarely on posts). Crested flycatcher 

 (sometimes in hollow poles), Phoebe (on beams and under eaves and 

 bridges), Cowbird (in nests of Phoebe, Robin, Chippy etc.). Chipping 

 sparrow (in vines on porches and sides of houses), Purple martin (under 

 eaves etc.). Cliff swallow (under eaves of barns). Barn swallow (on beams 

 and rafters of sheds and barns). Tree swallow (in holes of posts and tele- 

 graph poles). Rough- winged swallow (in abutments of bridges). House 

 wren (in posts, crannies of buildings, etc.). Chickadee (in hollow fence 

 posts), Robin (on beams, brackets, porch posts, fence posts, window sills, 

 etc.). Bluebird (in crannies of eaves occasionally), Starling (in eaves and 

 crannies), English sparrow (in every available hollow, nook and cranny). 



