82 THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON. 
eign enlistment: they are expressly forbidden by the 
Federal Constitution. Her laws punish as a crime 
all violation by individuals of the international rights - 
of foreign Powers.. Her neutrality is active, not pas- 
sive,—preventive, as’ well as punitive. She has no 
maritime relations, it is true; but, in dealing with un- 
lawful equipments or expeditions by land, she ob- 
serves rules of neutrality which are applicable, in the- 
ory and practice, equally to equipments or expedi- 
tions for naval warfare. Our own temporary act of 
1838, which comprehends vehicles [on land] and ves- 
sels [on water] in the same clause of criminality, af: 
fords complete answer to those Englishmen who have 
superficially assumed that because Switzerland is not 
a maritime Power, she [or a statesman of hers] could 
not competently judge the case of the Alabama or 
the Horida. Diligence to execute the law,—vigilance 
to prevent its violation,—is the same in Switzerland 
as in Italy or Brazil, in Great Britain or the United 
States. And the position of Switzerland, which, re- 
quires of her the spontaneous execution of her nev- 
trality. laws, had evident effect on the mind of Mr. 
Steempfli to produce those conclusions of his against 
Great Britain, which, as we shall see in the sequel, 
were so grossly misapprehended and so angrily re- 
sented by Sir Alexander Cockburn. 
At the time when the Swiss Government invited 
Mr. Stempfli to act as. Arbitrator for Switzerland 
under the Treaty of Washington, he had full occupa- 
tion in public or private affairs as a member of the 
National Council and as President of the Federal 
