MISCELLANEOUS CLAIMS. 189 
in conformity with the Treaty, having before them as 
Agent for the United States, Mr. Robert S. Hale; as 
Agent for Great Britain, Mr. Henry Howard; with 
Mr. James M. Carlisle as Counsel, and Mr. Thomas C. 
Cox, Secretary to the Commission. 
The Commission will undoubtedly complete its du- 
ties within the time prescribed by the Treaty. 
PRIVATE CLAIMS ON GOVERNMENTS. 
The intimate relation, which exists between the 
different States of Christendom at the present time, 
has resulted in the necessity of providing special 
means for adjudicating the private claims of the citi- 
zens or subjects of one Government against another. 
It is one of the incidents of the gradual tendency of 
modern nations to substitute reason for force, and ar- 
bitration for war. 
The subject has not yet obtained from publicists 
and legislators the attention which, by reason of its 
great practical importance, and its intrinsic interest 
as an element of civilization, it deserves. It may 
well receive consideration here, both in itself and in 
its relation to other congenial stipulations of the 
Treaty of Washington. 
All the Powers of Christian Europe and America 
are of accord, and stipulate in their treaties of amity 
and commerce, to permit to one another’s subjects 
free ingress, residence, sojourn, and traffic in their 
respective territories, on the same footing with the 
inhabitants thereof, and with subjection to the laws 
of the land,-more or less complete, according to local 
