17 



"Where the yield is realised periodically, the average 

 revenue during the whole length of the period must be cal- 

 culated in the same way as the average production ; indeed, 

 the one depends on the other. Where the period is long, 

 compound interest should be included. 



The average annual revenue from the Indian forests for the 10 years 1879-80 to 

 1888-89 amounted to fi66,00,000 ; the average area under control during that time 

 ■was about 90,000 square miles. For France, a statement prepared in 1878 showed 

 the average revenue (net value of produce standing in the forest) to amount to 40 

 francs per hectare (2'47 acres) for the whole of the State forests. Tn the north of 

 France, the average annual revenue was as high as 89 francs ; while, in the south, in 

 the forests open to grazing and worked on a short rotation, it was as low as 5 francs 

 per hectare yearly. 



The average annual revenue per acre derived from the Government forests of Indiai 

 including of course vast areas of nnworked lands, amounts therefore to about 2 annas 

 an acre as compared with a similar revenue of B7 or il8, and even in some cases 

 very mach more, in European countries. The causes of the low revenue in India are 

 not far to seek, — the want of demand for the produce, the ruined condition of most 

 of the forests, the backward condition of the country, and, more perhaps than any 

 other cause, the want of good roads and means of transport ingproduce from out-uf- 

 the-way places to the great centres of consumption. 



Interest. — Interest, in connection with forestry, expresses 

 the relation between (a) the money value of the capital 

 iavested in the forest, that is, the value of the soil, of the 

 growing stock, the total expenditure incurred on roads, 

 buildings, settlements, surveys, etc., and (6) the net annual 

 revenue derived from the forest. Problems connected with 

 the interest obtainable under various systems of working, 

 involving the use of mathematical formulae, although of 

 much theoretical interest and of practical importance in 

 countries where forestry is in an advanced stage, have but 

 little application as yet in India, owing to the condition of 

 the forests, and to the want of accurate statistical tio/a relat- 

 ing to the outturn of crops of various ages. Such problems 

 need not, therefore, be here discussed. 



OTHER TECHNICAL TEEMS. 



Necessity for defining terms jused in forestry.— Before ex- 

 plaining the manner in which the different methods of 

 forest treatment can be applied or prescribed, it is necessary 

 to define the meaning of certain technical terms which it 



