25 



Irregular treatment.— Forests are sometimes not subjected 

 to any regular method of treatment, such of the produce as 

 is saleable being realised, wherever and whenever there is a 

 demand, by allowing purchasers to remove it under a 

 system of permits or passes. The fellings made in such 

 cases are called unregulated fellings. 



Provisional treatment. — It is often necessary in India to 

 change the treatment which is being applied and to subject 

 the forest to some other method. In order to do this the 

 existing crop must be subjected for a time to special 

 treatment so as to bring it to the condition requisite for 

 the application of the new method. The treatment applied 

 in such cases is called temporary or provisional. 



Conversions. — Where the new method of treatment applied 

 involves a change in the manner by which reproduction is 

 obtained, from seed to coppice or from coppice to seed, the 

 operation is called a conversion. 



As there are three main classes of treatment, viz., those in which reproduction 

 is ohtained by seed, those in -nhich reproduction is obtained by coppice, and tlie 

 mixed method of coppice with standard in which reproduction is obtained both by 

 seed and coppice, there are six possible kinds of conversion — 



High forest to simple coppice. 



„ „ to coppice with standards. 

 Simple coppice to coppice with standards. 



„ „ to high forest. 



Coppice with standards to high forest.^ 

 „ „ „ to simple coppicfi. 



The fellings made in connection with the different oper- 

 ations required are all called conversion fellings. 



Transformations. — Where it is simply sought to change 

 one method of treatment to another of the same class, 

 without altering the manner in which reproduction is 

 obtained, the operation is called a transformation. 



Thus it may be sought to treat as storeyed forest, or as regular high forest by the 

 method of successive regeueration fellings, a high forest worked by the selection 

 method, etc. 



The fellings made in such cases are called transformation 



fellings. 



Restorations.— It is frequently necessary to improve the 

 condition of the existing crop, or to reconstitute the forest 

 capital, by carefully respecting the main crop and by limit- 

 in" operations to the cutting out of ill-grown or injured 

 species, injurious climbers, etc., without altering the method 

 of treatment or the mode of reproduction. The treatment 

 temporarily applied in such cases may be called a restoration, 

 and the fellings restoration fellings. 



