32 



accurate as any description of the crop that can be made. 

 In such a case it is not a map, in the ordinary sense, 

 but a 'picture that is wanted. The map used should show, in 

 addition to the boundaries and boundary marks of the forest, 

 the natural features of tbe country, hills, crests of ridges, 

 valleys, water-courses, etc. ; as well as all roads, paths, fire- 

 lines and the like. In the absence of such a map a suffi- 

 ciently accurate plan may sometimes be compiled from exist- 

 ing village maps. In default of this it will generally be 

 advisable, before attempting to frame a working -plan, to make 

 a rapid survey or a sketch map of the area on such a scale 

 and with such accuracy as may be deemed necessary. 



The cost of preparing maps, bnsed on a trignnomettical survey, on the scale of 4 

 inches to a mile ranges from about EoO to BlOO a square mile. Tbe money yield 

 of even the timber-producing forests in India would not generally justify a higher 

 expenditure od surveys. Maps on a scale uf 8 inches or 12 inches to a mile, such as 

 have sometimes been recommended, would cost, if the details were filled in with a pro- 

 portionate degree of care, some hundreds of rupees per square mile. Of this fact those 

 who recommended such maps were probably unaware. Indeed, in Europe, large scale 

 maps are, as a rule, solely used as legal documents, in connection with the record of 

 the boundaries and not in connection with forest exploitation. 



CHOICE OF THE METHOD OF TREATMENT TO BE APPLIED. 



Sub-division of area into portions requiring different treat- 

 ment.— It is important that the general management to be 

 applied to each part of the forest requiring different treat- 

 ment should be determined at the outset ; because the 

 nature of the subsequent operations, such as the enumera- 

 tion of the stock, etc., to be carried out depends on this. The 

 decision arrived at on this point, as well as on the connected 

 question of working-circles can, if necessary, be afterwards 

 rectified when the detailed examination of the forest is 

 made. 



Choice o£ the method to be applied.— The treatment to be 

 adopted depends on economic and administrative as well as 

 on sylvicultural conditions ; and the choice of the treatment 

 is generally restricted by easily ascertained facts of which 

 the nature may be gathered from the following remarks with 

 regard to each of the principal methods. 



Non-coniferous forests, to which the simple coppice method 

 is applied, can only furnish wood of small size, for the most 

 part merely fit for fuel. Where the demand for firewood is 

 sufficient, and other circumstances justify the application of 



