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should be reserved ; inferior trees should not be selected. It 

 is not necessary to reserve the prescribed number of standards 

 in every acre or coupe : only well-shapen, straight, sound and 

 vigourous stems should be chosen, and they should be selected 

 in places where it will be possible for them to thrive. This 

 should all be prescribed in a regulation attached to the state- 

 ment of fellings. 



Supplementary regulations.— The importance of a numerous 

 and well-constituted reserve, formed chiefly of stems which 

 have sprung from seed, has been explained. There is, how- 

 ever, a likelihood of the seedlings not being forthcoming 

 owing to their being suppressed by the faster growing coppice. 

 Means are therefore sometimes taken to foster them by clean- 

 ings during the early years of their existence. Such clean- 

 ings are frequently conducted — every year or every two or 

 three years according to the species and the rate of growth — 

 until the coppice has attained a certain age, 5, 10 or 15 years, 

 when they are as a rule discontinued. In certain instances 

 it may be advisable to make a thinning 2 or 3 years before 

 the coppice is felled, in view to the better development of 

 such stems as will probably be selected for standards. 



Conversion of irregular high forest into coppice with stand- 

 ards. — This conversion, except as regards reserving standards, 

 can be done in exactly the same manner as has been ex- 

 plained with regard to simple coppice. If there is a suffi- 

 ciency of young trees capable of producing coppice shoots 

 the conversion can be commenced at once, the forest being 

 divided into coupes to be felled in rotation, just as if these 

 coupes already contained coppice growth. Otherwise it will 

 be necessary first to constitute young crops which can then 

 be operated on as in the former case. The young growth can 

 either be obtained naturally by regeneration fellings or arti- 

 ficially by sowing or planting. The reservation of the 

 standards obviously presents no difficulty. The stems it is 

 wished to retain are immediately selected, and the reserve 

 constituted. Even where the crop is so mature that it is 

 necessary, before applying the new method, to obtain a 

 young growth, trees should be maintained with a view to 

 constituting the reserve with the desired proportion of older 

 stems when the coppice fellings can be begunl The possi- 

 bility, which will be by area for coppice conversions when 

 undertaken direct, may be calculated in the same way as 

 already stated for ordinary coppice fellings. 



