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Regulation ofrights in wood.— Where there is merely a 

 right to a certain quantity of produce from any part of a 

 forest there is no difl5culfcy, as the produce would come from 

 the prescribed fellings for the year in the coupe set apart for 

 the purpose. But in India it rarely happens that the right 

 is in this form : the right is usually a servitude over a com- 

 paratively small area. In such cases it is not so easy to 

 arrange for the supply to a number of scattered villages of 

 the given quantity from the coupe of the year. Where the 

 demand is inconsiderable, it may often be conveniently met 

 by fellings of scattered trees independent of the main fellings. 

 The produce delivered to right-holders must either be deduct- 

 ed from the available crop, in calculating the possible yield, 

 or, when the demand is considerable, the area burdened with 

 the right must be formed into a separate circle to be worked 

 solely with a view to furnishing the produce required. 



A village has a right, every year, to 50 standing trees of a certain size and kind 

 in one block only of a iorest which is to be worked, we will suppose, by the selection 

 method. The annnal possibility of the forest, including the trees to be given to the 

 right-holders, is calculated to be 500 trees a year. Therefore, in detenuiaing the 

 size of the annual coupes, the coupe containing the area burdened with the right 

 should be capable of furnishing the 450 trees once during the felling rotation, plus 

 the SO trees each year. That is to say, if the felling rotation were 10 years, the 

 coupe bound to furnish 50 trees a year on<;ht to be capable of furnishing every 10 

 years 500 in addition to the 450 trees furnished by other coupes every lOth year. 



Another way of providing for the right would be to set aside an aiea capable of 

 furn-shing 50 trees a year. This area would be formed into a separate circle. Sucb 

 a course would, however, as a rule be impossible in mountainous country, where each 

 small scattered forest has to furnish a few standing trees each year for the repairs of 

 neighbouring hamlets. 



In such rases the regulation may be best accomplished by sacrificing equality 

 of yield, and by deducting the number of trees felled for the right-holders in a given 

 area from the number to be felled in that area when its turn for exploitation comes 

 round. Thus, suppose ten small scattered forests in the hills formed into fifteen 

 annual conpes and worked by the selection method, the yield having been calculated 

 at 500 trees a year. We will assume that the villagers in three neighbouring ham- 

 lets have rights in as many forests to 10, 20, 30 standing trees respectively. Suppose 

 that the prescribed fellings reach the forest No. 1 in the third year of the felling- 

 rotation, 30 trees will have been felled ; so that, instead of felling 500 trees in this 

 coupe, only 500 — 30 or 470 trees should be out. Similarly, the felling reaches forest 

 No. 2 after 10 years have elapsed. By that time 200 trees will have been felled in 

 this coupe, so that only 500 — 200 or 300 trees should ba removed ; and so on. A new 

 calculation, based on a fresh enumeration, would of course be made at the commence- 

 ment of the second felling-rotation, and the trees to be deducted would count from 

 this date. Where the right-holders' timber was removed from areas subjected to 

 selection fellings by cultural rule, the matter would be very simple ; as in such a case 

 the state of the crop from a cultural point of view would deteruiiiie the severity and 

 nature of the felling, which would consequently be made light or heavy according to 

 the quantity of material required by right-holders. 



Extraction of dead or fallen trees.— As a rule, especially 

 where it has been possible to choose a short felling rotation, 

 the dead and fallen timher may he left until removed with 

 the ordinary exploitations in turn of each coupe. Where 



