113 



the local demand for produce is good, it may be advisable 

 to allow the dead and fallen wood to be extracted annually 

 or periodically. In that case, if the material to be removed 

 by the fellings is prescribed, the dead or fallen trees ex- 

 tracted may, if desirable, be deducted from the permissible 

 fellings as already explained with regard to trees felled by 

 right- holders. 



Works of improvement (other than cultural). — ^A working- 

 plan would be incomplete if advantage were not taken of 

 the study of the forest ■which it involves to ascertain and 

 indicate the works of improvement, other than cultural, 

 required. Very often the application of the plan necessi- 

 tates the opening out of new roads for the extraction of 

 produce, or the improvement of existing tracts and the con- 

 struction of forest rest-houses ; while the improvement of 

 the boundaries, the better protection of the forest from fire 

 or other injuries, the strenthening or re-distribution of the 

 protective staff, may all require attention. 



Such works and subjects should be indicated or discussed 

 with whatever amount of detail may be required. They 

 should not be vaguely suggested, as has been the case in so 

 many Indian working- plans reports, but should be prescribed, 

 though the exact time for their execution need not, and 

 indeed often should not, be fixed. If new roads or new fire 

 traces are required, their position should as a rule be shown on 

 the map, and a rough estimate of their cost should be pre- 

 pared in Order to gauge thg financial result of the whole 

 working under the plan proposed. Very often it will be 

 advisable to mark out on the ground the new roads or paths 

 proposed, and to make use of these in laying out the coupes. 

 The coupes, as we have seen, ought to be so disposed with regard 

 to the roads that their produce can be readily and economic- 

 ally extracted. The only way to ensure that the coupes will 

 be adlered to and the roads laid out in the manner required, 

 is to mark out on the ground the lines of transport. 



It may be useful to remark, with regard to works of this sort, that altlio^gli 

 included in the approved working-plan, separate sanction will he required tor the 

 necessary funds when the time for construction arrives. Another point, whwti will 

 also be dealt with in treating of the control of plans, is that the woiks may otten be 

 only indicated as desirable, and need not be part of the permanent plan which cannot 

 ordinarily be departed from. 



Forecast of financial results of working —The working-plan 

 should contain a rough estimate of the revenue and the 

 expenditure under the proposed working as compared with 



