123 



Tbe boundaries of private lands, included ia the forest, 

 should be described in thes same way as the external 

 Tjouudaries. 



Example. — The boundary marks used along the outer boundaries are su^jstantial 

 and sufficient. The whole of this boundary is demarcated by square masonry pillars 

 3' X3' X 4' ; whilst pillars, also square, measuring 2' X 2' X 2|', mark off the bound- 

 ary between the open forests and those free of rights. Theie are in addition 318 

 round pillars, 4|' in girth by 2|' high, demarcating the chaks or village lands within 

 the forests. The shape of the boundaries is, however, very defective, a crooked or 

 curved line between two consecutiye pillars being common. The conseqiieBce is 

 that it is extremely difficult to foUow the boundary, and encroachments might long 

 pass unnoticed. For the reserve this drawback has been overcome by erectijig ft 

 ring fence of rough posts ; but something should be done as soon as possible to render 

 the boundaries of the other forests easily and permanently recognisable. Otherwise 

 harassing disputes in the near future are inevitable. The adjoining estates consist of 

 ■village lands, the cultivation of which not infrequently is conterminous with the forest 

 boundary. 



It may occasionally be advisable to prefix to the descrip- 

 tion of the boundaries remarks explanatory of the circum- 

 stances under which the demarcation was made. 



Enclosures within a reserve are of ten of such importance, 

 as regards the management of the forest, that it may be 

 necessary to notice them in detail. 



Legal position of the forests. — A brief account of the man- 

 ner in which the forests were acquired, and how they are held 

 by Government, of their settlement (if one has been made) 

 and of their present legal status, should be given. The Act 

 and section of the Act under which the forests have been de- 

 clared " reserved " or " protected," as well as brief particulars 

 of all important orders of the Local Government concerned 

 bearing on the status and management of the areas, should 

 also be indicated. Special regulations affecting the forest^ 

 SQchas grazing rules, should be mentioned, and their bearing 

 on the legal position of the tract should be explained. This 

 section of the report should not, however, be burdened with 

 details regarding the past management of the forests. This 

 subject will be separately dealt with in another section. 



Example.— 3sxmi3.r originally formed part of the Sirmijr or J^Tahan State. In 

 1815 it was conquered by the British, since which time ^t has been under British rule. 

 But it was not untU 1860 that the right of Government to the, ownership of all waste 

 Und was enforced by rough limitation of the rights ,of efyjh collection of vill»ge 

 communities. It was clearly laid down in this settlement that the rights of the 

 villagers, in the forests consisted in grazing, in collecting dead wood for fuel, and in 

 cutting timber for tlieir own use only- ..^1.1^ 



In 1865-66 the proposal to establish a mihtary cantonment at Chakrata gave 

 rise to the issue of different orders for the protection of the mwe valrable tracts of 

 forest, and in 1868 a Forest Officer was appointed -to take charge of them. In 1869 the 

 demarcation of certain portions as Government forest was directed, and three classes 

 »f forest were formed : — 



First c/a«».— Forest areas practically free of rights. 



