129 



Although there can be no donbt thnt move timber and firewood ave prodnoed over tV.e 

 entire area than the quantity sold annually, it appears that, oa the other hand, some 

 of the more accessible parts have been overworked, whilst large but less accessible 

 areas have remained untouched. The rules for working require to be revised so as to 

 remedy this. 



Special woris of improvement.— In most cases there will be 

 works of improvement or construction for the amelioration 

 of the crop or for the extraction of produce, such as sowings 

 or plantimjs, timber slides, roads, or bridges ; and occasionally 

 special operations may be required, such as drainage oV 

 irrigation works, barriers to prevent the erosion of the 

 banks of streams, and so forth. AH these may be described 

 in this section in such detail as circumstances require. 



In discussing cultural or other works of improvement 

 undertaken in past years attention should be drawn to 

 important results of experience so acquired. But if it is 

 necessary for the information of the local officers to describe 

 these works in detail, this should be done in a special report 

 or in an appendix to the working-plan. 



Example.— It has been ascertained from the records that nlantatioiis of deodar 

 walnut and ash have usually succeeded; while direct sowings have uniformly failed. 

 Even in the nurseries the germinating seedlings have sumved with difficulty, but 

 once they are a few months old they have given no trouble. The cost of planting out 

 from the nurseries has, on the average, amounted to ElO per acre, or, includim' 

 nursery charges, to R18 per acre of established transplants. " 



Past revenue and expenditure — Where the figures are 

 available, the average receipts and expenditure for the past 

 few years in connection with the whole area dealt with and, 

 if possible, regarding each class of forest in this area, should 

 be given. If no separate accounts are available an esti- 

 mate may be made. The prices realised for the produce, 

 exclusive of cost of extraction and of establishment employed, 

 should, as far as practicable, be stated. These prices should 

 be discussed, use being made of the figures to justify pro. 

 posals, if any are made, for increasing or reducing expen- 

 diture under these headings. 



Hxample. — From a statement showing the revenue and expenditure during the 

 past ten years, compiled from the records in the Eange offices, it appears that the 

 average annual gross receipts during the past ten years were B1,61,00(J, while the 

 expenditure on timber works was fi44,000. The profits derived from the forests were 

 therafore El,20,000 annually, and of this sum there has been expended — 



On roads and buildings ..... 2 per cent. 

 On cultural improvements . . . . . 3 ,, 

 On establishments ...... 21 ,, 



Total expenditure . 26 , 



It is beyond dispute that this expenditure is far too low. The condition of the 

 forests requires the expenditure of large sums annually on cultural improvements ; 



