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^ Improvement fellings.— These should he preserihedby area, 

 with such details as regards the manner of conducting them 

 as the circumstances require. 



Example. — Improvement fellings shonld be made at intervals of ten years, 

 Ihns passing twice over the entire area in the course of the felling rotation. The 

 fellings should he made in the following order : — 



In the improvement fellings the following work shonld be done; — 



All suppressed deodar seedlings should be relieved from the injurious cover of 



inferior species, either by the lopping of a branch or two or by the 



ringing of the immediately over-topping trees. 

 All deodar trees with crowns contracted on account of the heavy surrounding 



foliage of other trees, but otherwise in good condition, should be set free 



by the ringing of some of the latter. 

 In the vicinity of, or on slopes immediately below, fertile deodar trees, the 



soil should be prepared for the reception of any seed that may fall by 



being cleared of all undergrowth and being freed, if necessary, from the 



thick covering of undecomposed leaves. 



In opening ont the leaf canopy, it should not be forgotten that deodar in its 

 youth supports a great deaJ of shade an d requires protection, and that bright illumina- 

 tion results in the soil of these forests being overrun with a dense growth of weeds 

 and inferior shrubs. The object of ringing and not felling the obnoxious trees is 

 to uncover gradually the soil and vegetation, to save the heavy outlay that felling 

 would requii-e, and to prevent the ground from being encumbered. 



Hegulation of rights and concessions.— The plan, in this 

 respect, must carry out the detailed record-of -rights under 

 the forest settlement, if one exists. It should be laid down 

 what areas are to be opened to grazing and for what periods. 

 The number of cattle to be admitted should, where possible, 



