143 



Hitherto free-^rant trees have been marked in an irregular manner, the same 

 village often obtaining trees from different localities, and the people frequently being 

 allowed to select their own trees regardless of the well-being of the forest. This 

 must cease, and all trees should be marked by the Eanger according to the principles 

 applicable in selection fellings. 



Sowings and plantings — The question of sowings and 

 plantings should be discussed, only such details with regard 

 to their execution being given as appear to be necessary for 

 the guidance of the local oflBcers. 



Example. — It is proposed to introduce tun and other superior kinds of trees into 

 the crop by planting in the coppice. The want of good species to serve as standai'ds 

 and the increased value that such standards would add to the forest have been fully 

 explained. To enable these plants to hold their own in the dense coppice growth 

 (only certain kinds of shade-supporting species could be so introduced), good-sized 

 seedlings should be planted in pits. Nurseries should be established in the compart- 

 ments to be felled three years in advance of the felling. 



Sites for nurseries should be chopen in well-drained localities. The nursery beds 

 should he terraced, and the seeds should be sown in lines, u foot apart, in November 

 and December. Whilst in the nursery, the young plants should be protected in 

 seasons of drought and frost by grass tatties raised a few feet ofi the gj'ound. The 

 young seedlings should be put out immediately the rains set In. 



Roads, buildings, and other works. — The improvements in- 

 dicated above are more or less connected with the method of 

 treatment adopted. There are, however, many works, such 

 as the improvement of boundaries, the construction of roads 

 and buildings, and, in many eases, the clearing of fire-lines 

 which may concern all the working-circles. 



The estimated cost of such works as may be proposed 

 should be given in the report. The application of a plan 

 may necessitate the construction of very considerable export 

 works and roads, but such undertakings should form the 

 subject of separate reports and should only be briefly 

 referred to in the working-plan, 



Example: — Soundaries. — The forests have been merely temporarily demarcated 

 by kutcha pillars many of which have already fallen down. In some cases it will be 

 possible to treat collectively as one block several at present separately demarcated, 

 for instance, Sikri, Rupani, and Chatri ; and also Kalwara, Sani, Padri, Bohar, Chi- 

 rindi and Eumbo. But where this is inexpedient the forests should be re-demarcat- 

 ed hypucha boundary pillars. It is important that new pillars should he of the best 

 possible description. Korest records of former years show that demarcation work has 

 frequently had to be done time after time owing to the cheap and unstable nature of 

 the materials used. It is therefore proposed to construct of the most suitable stone 

 {generally slate) found in the locality, solid masonry pillars about 2 feet square at 

 base, 1 foot 6 inches square at top, and 2 feet 6 inches high, on a solid founda- 

 tion 3 feet square. It is estimated that each pillar of this description will cost from 

 E2 to R4, according to its position. Owing to the configuration of the ground, one 

 pillar is frequently not visible from the next, and there is often, in consequence, un- 

 certainty as to how the boundary runs. The remedy is to cut a two-foot path or line 

 through the forest from pillar to pillar, wherever the boundary is not a natural one 

 or a path does not already exist. In paragraph 6 it is estimated that there are 73 

 miles of artificial boundary ; so that, if 8 miles were made every year, the whole work 

 would be completed in about 10 years. 



