IN LYCOPODS 37 
sporophyte of Z. cernuum, on the other hand, is a large dendroid plant, 
which may attain a height of even 3-4 feet (Fig. 22). In the embryo 
state it is nourished by the gametophyte which bore it, but it soon 
establishes itself independently in the soil as a much-branched plant, 
with relatively massive axes showing localised apical growth and numerous 
small leaves;.while true roots, not mere rhizoids, ramify in the soil. 
The whole plant is traversed by a vascular system, and there is also an 
efficient ventilating system. This ample vegetative development precedes 
the formation of the spores, which is localised in the terminal strobili: 
Fic. 21. 
ee ee ee ar ree ene ce thoy a Ganerinea) 
these do not differ in general plan from the vegetative shoots, but in 
the axil of each leaf of these fertile branches a single sporangium is 
borne, containing many small spores, which are all alike (Fig. 22D, £). 
The gametophyte of Lycopodium is among the most elaborate known 
in Vascular Plants: and yet it falls short of the complexity seen in the 
plant of Catharinea. It is clear that the two correspond from the fact 
that they both arise from spores and bear sexual organs. On the 
other hand, the proportion of the sporophyte, as well as its conformation, 
differs in high degree in the two plants. In place of the dependent 
and ephemeral sporogonium, with limited apical growth, without appen- 
dages, and bearing a single terminal capsule of spores, as in the Moss, 
Lycopodium shows an independent and perennial plant, with apparently 
unlimited apical growth and numerous appendages: it is rooted in 
