THE DOG AS A CAREIEE, OF PARASITES AND DISEASE. 23 



mfaniwm, which is the cause of infantile splenomegaly, a serious, 

 commonly fatal disease of children in Italy and Tunis; Leishmania 

 donovani, which is the cause of tropical splenomegaly, a serious dis- 

 ease of adults in India, dhina, and the Sudan; Leishmania hra- 

 siliensis, which is the cause of a disease of man in South America; 

 SpirochcBta aboriginalis, which is the cause of granuloma inguinale 

 in man in British Guinea and Australia ; and of some other protozoan 

 forms of which the record or the identity of the form in the dog 

 with those in man or stock is still uncertain. A useful object lesson 

 may be drawn from the fact that the destruction of stray dogs in one 

 small island in Italy has resulted in a remarkable reduction in the 

 prevalence of infantile splenomegaly in that locality. This terrible 

 disease is apparently spread from dogs to children by fleas. 



In addition to the above-mentioned protozoa there are a number 

 of worm and arthropod parasites carried by the dog and attacking 

 man or the domestic animals, which have not been discussed in the 

 first part of this paper because of their absence from or comparative 

 infrequency or unimportance in this country. A brief note of these 

 forms is given here. 



Tapeworms. — ^As regards tapeworms, the dog shares with man the 

 responsibility for carrying the broad fish tapeworm, Diphyllo'both- 

 rium latum {Dihothriocefhalus latus), a tapeworm of considerable 

 medical importance, which is known to be established in this country, 

 and both carry an allied tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium cordatwm. 

 The dog is also an occasional host of the pork measle parasite {Cysti- 

 cercus cellulosm), the larvae of one of the tapeworms of man. The 

 dog becomes infested with this parasite by eating the feces of the 

 human host of the tapeworm. It has also been shown to act as the 

 host of an adult tapeworm having a Sparganum larva in the hog, and 

 may be the host of other related tapeworms belonging to this group. 



Flukes. — The dog is reported as the carrier of the following flukes: 

 Paragonvmus Jeellicotti, which occurs in the lungs, causing para- 

 sitic hemoptysis in hogs in this country; Glonorchis sinensis and 

 Glonorchis endemicus, which occur in the liver of man and hogs in 

 Chiiia and Japan ; Eeterophyes heterophyes, which occurs in the in- 

 testine of man in Japan and Egypt; DicrocceUum dendriticum 

 (D. lanceatum) , -which occurs in the bile ducts of man and of horses, 

 cattle, sheep, hogs, etc., and which is common in various foreign 

 countries, though not as yet known from the United States ; Schisto- 

 somal japonicum, which occurs in the blood of man in Japan, China, 

 the Philippines, and South Africa ; Opisthorchis felineus, which oc- 

 curs in the liver of man in Asia; and of Opisthorchis noverca and 

 Pseudamphistomum trwncatum., also parasites of man. 



Nematodes.— As regards nematodes, the dog is one host of Dracunc- 

 ulus msdtnensis, the Guinea worm, which is not known in this 



