PREFACE vii 



The general lecture course in Glasgow is accompanied by laboratory 

 work extending over a hundred hours. In great part this follows the usual 

 lines such as are laid down in Marshall and Hurst's Text-book, but a 

 special feature is made of the study of a valuable series of demonstra- 

 tion specimens. This includes the study, under high-power immersion 

 objectives, of such organisms as Trypanosomes, Malarial Parasites, Leish- 

 manias, and Spirochaetes. Experience has shown that students fully 

 appreciate the privilege of being able to examine such preparations for 

 themselves, and that they take the greatest care not to do damage. Op- 

 portunities are also given for seeing Trypanosomes, Miracidia, Cercariae, 

 and so on, in the living condition. This demonstration part of the course 

 is regarded as being of special value in arousing and gripping the interest 

 of the student. 



Time limitations have made it necessary to exclude the anatomy of 

 the higher vertebrates from the course in Zoology. This has been done 

 with regret for, apart from the intrinsic interest of the comparative 

 anatomy of the higher vertebrates, it is of advantage to the student to 

 obtain a superficial view of mammalian structure — such as he gains by 

 the dissection of a rabbit or rat — before he submerges himself in the 

 minute detail of human anatomy. But time limitations are inexorable, 

 and the time available for the regulation curriculum in medicine being 

 what it is, the indications seem to the present writer clearly to point 

 to the necessity of restricting the anatomical study of the higher verte- 

 brates practically to the anatomy of man. If the student of medicine 

 desires, as he ought, to broaden his anatomical outlook by excursions 

 into the comparative anatomy of the higher vertebrates, these will come 

 most profitably after he has spent some time at human anatomy. In 

 Glasgow special lectures on Vertebrate Morphology for such students are 

 given during the summer term. 



Another short supplementary course of lectures deals with the Theory 

 of Evolution — ^The Evidences of Evolution, Inheritance, Variation, 

 Natural Selection. Attendance at this course is voluntary, and ' its 

 subject matter is not included in the medical degree examinations, but 

 a large proportion of students attend it after going through the regulation 

 course. 



The illustrations in this book have been drawn by my friend, Mr. 

 A. Kirkpatrick Maxwell, to whose artistic skill I am again under a deep 

 debt of gratitude. " Line " has been employed rather than " half- 



