14 



harrowing. A great variety of harrows adapted to 

 different types of soils and to different purposes are 

 to be found upon the market. Two or three of these 

 are worthy of especial mention. After plowing the 

 disk or cutaway type of harrow will be found the 

 most efficient in almost every case. These tools cut, 

 turn, pulverize, stir and thoroughly mix the organic 

 materials through the soil body, fining and 

 compacting to the full plow depth. Their chief dis- 

 advantage from the 

 gardener's stand- 

 point is that they 

 leave the soil sur- 

 face somewhat 

 ^_________ ridged and irregu- 



REVERSIBLE PLOW. WOODEN BEAM '^''> ^Ut thlS may 



be easily overcome 

 by the use of tools especially adapted to smoothing and 

 leveling. The advantage of the disk harrow, to be es- 

 pecially emphasized, is the ease with which manures 

 and green crops, decaying vegetable tops, etc., are 

 chopped and worked into the soil in such condition that 

 cultivating tools subsequently used work freely with- 

 out catching and pulling these materials to the surface. 

 The spring-tooth type of harrow is another tool 

 deserving a place in every garden. It does not have 

 the cutting effect of the disk harrow, yet it thor- 

 oughly pulverizes and turns the soil to a consider- 

 able depth and is especially adapted to rather stony 

 or gravelly soils. 



The spiked-tooth harrow is perhaps more gen- 

 erally used than any other tool outside of the plow, 

 yet this almost universal use can hardly be justified 

 by its efSciency so far as the thorough preparation: 

 of the soil is concerned. 



