Viola.] IV. VIOLABIEAE. 41 



NORTH and SOUTH Islands ; STE WART Island : from Oape Colville southwards. Ascends 

 to 3,000Jt. Nov., Deo. Flowers yellowish. This species produces cleistogamoua flowers in Jan. and 

 Feb. 



Var. hydrocotyloldes (sp.), J. B. Armst. in Trans. N.Z.I, x'v. (1881) 360. Small leaves, 

 Jin.-Jin. in diameter. Peduncles very short. In sandy soil. Otago Petrie. Stewart Island, T. K. 

 Merely a stunted condition. 



2. V. Lyallii, Hook, f., Handbk. 16. Stems very slender. Leaves 



broadly ovate or orbicular^ ovate-cordate or subreniform, obscurely crenate. 



Stipules entire, linear. Bracts linear-acutej above the middle of the peduncle. 



Sepals broad, acute. Lower stamens shortly spurred. — V. Cunninghamii, var. 



gracilis, Hook, f., Fl. N.Z. i. 16. Erpetion spathulatum, A. Cunn., Precurs. n. 



623. 



NORTH and SOUTH Islands : in lowland districts from the Bay of Islands to Canterbury, 

 but often local. 



The position of the bracts distinguishes this species from the preceding. Oct., Nov. 



3. V. Cimninghamii, Hook, f., Fl. N.Z. i. 16. Glabrous except the 

 petioles. Rootstock usually woody, creeping below. Stem short or 0. Leaves 

 tufted, triangular-ovate or ovate-oblong, truncate at the base or narrowed into 

 the petiole, crenate ; petiole often more or less pubescent. Stipules broadly 

 adnate at base of the petiole; apex free, acute. Peduncles exceeding the leaves, 

 with a pair of acute bracts above the middle. Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse or 

 acute. Lateral petals bearded ; spur short, obtuse. The lower anthers shortly 

 spurred. — Handbk. 16. 



NORTH and SOUTH Islands ; STEWART Island : from the East Cape district southwards. 

 Ascends to 4,000ft. Oct. to Jan. 



This species varies greatly in size ; the peduncles are Jin.-4in. in length or more. It produces 

 cleistogamous flowers in the lowlands. 



Var. per-exlgua, Col. (sp.) in Trans. N.Z.I, xvi. (1883) 326. Very small. Leaves broadly 

 cordate or orbicular. Sepals rather large, oblong-ovate, acute with scarious margins. NORTH 

 Island : between Matamau and Dannevirke, Colenso. 



* V. tricolor, L., S^. PL 935. Stems branched from the base, angled. Leaves 

 on long petioles, lanceolate, oval or ovate-oblong, lyrate, crenate or crenate-serrate. 

 Stipules leafy, pinnatifid. Flowers large, flat, showy. Sepals auricled, lanceolate, 

 acute. Capsule ovoid. 



NORTH and SOUTH Islands : naturalised in waste and cultivated ground, but local. 

 Pansy. Heart' s-ease. Nov. to Feb. North Europe, North Africa, North and West Asia, North-west 

 India, &o. 



Var. arvensis. Small, slender. Flowers very small. Petals not exceeding the sepals, white 

 or pale-yellow. Capsule globose. Naturalised in cornfields and cultivated land. 



* lONIDIUM, Vent. 

 Flowers irregular. Sepals not prolonged at the base. Petals spreading, the 

 lowest much larger than the others, contracted in the middle, produced into a mem- 

 branous expansion. Style thickened, incurved, with the stigma in front. Fruit a 

 3-celled capsule. Perennial branching herbs or rarely sma;ll shrubs. Leaves alter- 

 nate or opposite. 



* I. filiforme, F. Muell., PL Vict. i. 66. Stems slender, wiry, 6in.-12in. high, 

 glabrous. Leaves entire, narrow-linear, lin.-l-|-in. long, mostly alternate or the 

 upper opposite. Flowers in slender axillary naked 4-5-flowered racemes. Sepals 

 narrow lanceolate-acute, shorter than the lateral petals. Lower petals about fin. 



6 



