186 XXXIV. UMBELLII'BBAE. 



styles 2 ; stigmas small, terminal ; ovules solitary, pendulous in each cell. 

 Fruit of 2 dry carpels termed " raericarps," cohering by their inner face, and 

 usually suspended from a persistent filiform axis called a " carpophore." Each 

 mericarp is marked with 5 longitudinal primary ribs, and occasionally by 4 

 intermediate or secondary ribs. Oil-tubes, or vittae, are often found in the 

 interspaces, but under the pericarp. Seeds pendulous ; testa thin ; embryo 

 minute ; radicle superior ; endosperm hard. Erect or creeping herbs, with 

 hollow stems and alternate simple or dissected leaves, having the petioles dilated 

 into a sheathing base. Flowers small, in simple or compound lateral or tei- 

 minal umbels. The bracts at the base of an umbel form the involucre, and 

 those under a partial umbel or umbellule the involucel. The flowers are 

 often dioecious or polygamous. 



A large order, comprising about 160 genera and nearly 1,500 species, distribnted throiigb all 

 lands except the coldest, and often presenting great difSoulties to the student, owing to the close 

 similarity between the flowers of different genera. Of the New Zealand genera, Aciphylla extends to 

 Australia but not to the Antarctic islands. Actinotus is also found in Australia. Azorella and 

 0»'eoTO2/»?'fas are Australian, Andine, and Antarctic. The remaining genera are widely distributed. 

 The order affords many valuable drugs. 



I. PbUIT with 1 OB 3 BIBS ONLY ON THE FACE OF EACH MBEICABP. 



1. Hydboootyle. Stems creeping. Umbels simple. Fruits laterally compressed. Oil- 



canals 0. 



2. AzoEELLA. Stems creeping, rarely erect. Fruits subquadrate. Oil-canals 0. 



3. Bbyngidm. Stems erect or creeping. Leaves and involucres spinous. Umbels torjning 



compact heads. Bibs 0. Oil-canals 0. 



4. AoTiNOTUs. Leaves radical. Umbels simple. Styles 2. Fruits 1 seeded. Oil-canals 0. 



* BuPLEDEUM. Leaves divided or perfoliate. Oil- canals present orO. Umbels compound. 



* CONIUM. Stem spotted. Involucres of narrow-linear bracts. Calyx-teeth 0. Oil-canals 0. 



5. Apium. Fruit with 5 obtuse ribs alternating with oil-canals on each mericarp. 



* Ammi. Involuoral leaves pinnate or pinnatifid. Fruits laterally compressed, ovate- 



oblong. Carpels 5 ribbed. Oil canals present. 



* Cabum. Fruits with 5 filiform ribs alternating with oil-tubes. 



6. Okeomyebhis. Pubescent. Fruits oblong, narrowed upwards. Carpels nearlv terete 



Bibs 5. 



* ScANDix. Stylopodia produced into a long beak. Oil-canals 0. Leaves simple, pinnate or 



decompound; segments flat, capillary or acicular. 



* FoENic0LnM. Leaves excessively divided into capillary segments ; ribs prominent. 



7. Ceantzia. Stem creeping. Leaves simple, fistular, transversely jointed. Umbels simple. 



8. LiGUSTicnM. Leaves pinnate or decompound. Umbels compound. Carpels with 3 or 5 



narrow equal wings on each face. Oil-canals present. 



9. Aciphylla. Leaves divided into rigid acicular segments. Umbels in erect spikes or 



panicles. Fruit linear or oblong, with 3 or 5 wings on each face. 



10. Angelica. Erect or climbing. Carpels with 2 broad lateral wings. 



* Pencedanum. Erect. Leaves usually pinnate. Involucres sometimes 0. Fruit ovoid or 



oblong, dorsally compressed, lateral primary ridges forming wings. 



II. Cabpbls with slendbb peimaey bibs abmed V7ITH BBiSTLEs; the secondaey bibs most 



PEOMINENT, ABMED WITH BABBED OB HOOKED PBICKLES. 



11. Caucus. Calyx-teeth 0. Fruits dorsally compressed. Secondary ribs with a row of barbed 



prickles. 



* Cauoalis. Calyx-teeth obvious. Fruits laterally compressed. Secondary ribs setose or 



prickly. 



