XXXIX. COMPOSITAE. 258 



In the following synopsis of the tribes and genera stress has been laid upon the minute dis- 

 tinctive character afiorded by the stylp-branohes of the hermaphrodite florets, and the presence or 

 absence of minute appendages or tails i the base of the lobes of the anther. It must, however, be 

 remembered that It is only the styles of the hermaphrodite florets that are available for this purpose, 

 those of the female florets being, with very few exceptions, uniform throughout the order. 



SuB-oEDEE 1.— CORYMBIFERAE. 



Corolla tubular in all the perfect florets, 5- or rarely 3-4-toothed ; ligulate 

 in the outer or ray florets, which are pistillate only, or neither stamens nor 

 pistils (neutral), or 0. 



Tribe I. BDPATORIACBAE. — Heads discoid; florets all hermaphrodite, tubular. Anthers 

 obtuse at the base. Style-arms obtuse, usually thickened upwards. 



1. Ageeatum. Pappus of 5 or more chafly scales or bristles. 



II. ASTEROIDBAB. — Heads heterogamous or dioecious, the ray-florets ligulate, the male 



hermaphrodite florets tubular and 4-5-toothed, or rarely the florets all herma- 

 phrodite. Style-branches more or less flattened, usually produced into tips or 

 appendages. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. 



Female florets usually ligulate, 1-seriate. 

 Pappus or of very short scales or bristles. 



2. Lagenophoea. Achenes contracted into a short beak or boss. Pappus 0. 



3. Beaohyoomb. Achenes obtuse or truncate. Pappus obscure or 0. 



Pappus of unequal rigid awns or spines. 

 * Oalotis. Pappus of barbed rigid awns or spines. 



Achenes terete or slightly flattened. 

 Involucral bracts usually with soarious margins. 



4. Olbaeia. Heads paniculate or solitary and terminal or fascicled, rarely axillary. 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite. 



5. Shawia. Heads panioled ; floret 1, hermaphrodite. Shrub or tree, with alternate 



leaves. 



6. PiiBUEOPHTDiiUM. Herbs, with large radical leaves and erect racemose scapes. 



Heads large, radiate or apparently discoid. 



7. Celmisia. Scapigerous herbs, mostly with radical leaves and solitary terminal heads. 



Achenes much flattened. Bay-florets in 2 or more series. 



8. ViTTADiNiA. Heads solitary, terminal. Style-arms with subulate tips. 



' Beigeeon. Heads on naked peduncles. Style-arms vrith obtuse lanceolate tips. 



9. Haastia. Involucral bracts in 2 series, woolly. Ray-florets in several series. 



Leaves imbricating, woolly or villous. Stems often pulvinate. 



III. INULOIDEAB. — Heads heterogamous, discoid or rarely radiate ; all the florets tubular 

 or hermaphrodite, or the central florets male, or the outer female, or filiform or 

 rarely ligulate or irregular, or the heads dioecious. Anthers usually sagittate at 

 the base, with delicate hair-like tails. Style-branches narrow, mostly subterete, 

 obtuse or truncate. Involucral bracts in several series, scarious, herbaceous, 

 or rarely coriaceous. Florets all hermaphrodite or rarely a few sterile. Herbs 

 or shrubs, with alternate entire leaves. 



Female filiform florets numerous, in several series or in homogamous heads. 



10. Gnaphalium. Heads small and clustered, rarely solitary. Female florets in several 



series. Pappus-bristles capillary. 



11. RaouIjIA. Female florets in 1 or 2 rows or numerous. Involucral bracts soft or 



scarious, sometimes with radiating tips. Small tufted or pulvinate plants, with 

 solitary terminal sessile heads. 



12. Hbdichetsum:. Achenes compressed or angular but not flat, and mostly perfect. 



Herbs or small shrubs. 



13. Cassinia. Receptacle narrow, paleaceous. Pappus-bristles capillary. Florets all 



hermaphrodite, or a few sterile. Shrubs. 



14. Ceaspedia. Heads small, sessile or subsessile, forming a dense globose or discoid 



capitulum. Herb. 



