262 XXXIX. COMPOSITAE. [Olearia. 



rounded at the apex, rather fleshy, crenate, glabrous or hairy ; petiole broad. Eay- 

 fl^orets white, often tipped with pink. Disk-florets yellow. 



Naturalised from the North Gape to Stewart Island. Daisy. Sept. to May. Europe. 



* CALOTIS, R. Br. 



Heads terminal, solitary. Involucre hemispherical ; bracts nearly equal, 

 2-seriate, with scarious margins and a few narrow inner bracts. Eeceptacle flat or 

 convex. Scales 0. Eay-florets female, few or many, ligulate, 1-seriate. Disk-florets 

 numerous, apparently hermaphrodite but usually sterile, tubtilar; limb 5-toothed, 

 papillose at the tips. Heads globose in fruit. Disk-achenes usually sterile. 

 Achenes of the ray flat, obovate or oblong. Pappus of few barbed bristles, all short, 

 or 1 or more elongating into rigid spreading spines or awns, usually accompanied by 

 2 or more truncate scales. Perennial or annual herbs, rarely woody at the base. 

 Leaves entire, toothed, or pinnately divided. Flower-heads terminal^ solitary ■ rays 

 usually white, rarely blue, purple, or yellow. 



* C. lappulaeea, Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 60. Perennial ; old specimens ex- 

 cessively branched and woody at the base, pubescent or hirsute, 6in.-12iiil. high. 

 Branches numerous, erect or suberect. Lower leaves oblong, cuneate at the base, 

 usually toothed or lobed, rarely pinnatifid ; upper leaves linear, entire or toothed, 

 small. Heads small, bright-yellow. Fruiting-heads |dn.-Jin. in diameter. Achenes 

 finely muricate. Pappus of from 4-8 barbed rigid awns, hirsute at the base ; 1-4 of 

 them being much longer than the rest, which are very short. — Qlossogyne Hennedyi, 

 E. Brown in Trans. N.Z.I, xv. (1882) 259. 



NORTH Island : naturalised. Poverty Bay, Bishop Williams ! SOUTH Island : near Nelson, 

 Kingsley ! Banks Peninsula, f. E. Feb. to April. Australia. 



4. OLEARIA, Moench. 

 Involucre broad or narrow, with few or many series of imbricating bracts^ 

 the margins usually dry or scarious. E;eceptacle pitted. Florets usually 

 numerous, rarely solitary ; ray-florets female, usually ligulate and spreading, 

 rarely filiform or rays ; disk-florets few or many, hermaphrodite, usually 

 5-lobed, tubular or abruptly contracted below. Anthers 5, with very short tails 

 or rarely obtuse. Style-arms flattened, rarely with short appendages, papillose 

 at the back. Achenes ribbed, terete or flattened. Pappus of 1 or more rows 

 of unequal scabrid hairs, sometimes thickened at the points. Trees, shrubs, or 

 undershrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or fascicled, usually more or 

 less tomentose, rarely viscid. Heads varying greatly in size, solitary or panicu- 

 late, sessile or pedunculate, terminal or rarely axillary. 



In addition to the New Zealand species, about 65 are restricted to Australia ; 2 species are 

 found on Lord Howe Island, but the genus is absent from Norfolk Island. In New Zealand it 

 ranges from the North Cape to the Auckland Islands, attaining its largest dimensions on Stewart 

 Island and the Snares. It includes some of the most beautiful and striking members of the flora. 

 The late Baron von Mueller referred all the species of Olearia and Celmisia to Aster, but the dis- 

 advantages attending this course have decided me against its adoption. Bentham remarks, " There 

 appear to be, indeed, better grounds for maintaining Olearia as distinct from Aster than for retain- 

 ing Erigeron, which passes so gradually into it, and that again into Gonyza; and if all these were 

 united we should have a group quite unmanageable without dividing it into sections corresponding 

 to the present genera, which would be, in fact, the present arrangement with all the evils consequent 

 on the nominal change." Many species are extremely variable and difficult to define. 



Name, from Olea, the oliive, on account of the resemblance of the leaves of some species to 

 those of that tree. 



