352 XXXIX. COMPOSITAE. [Arctium. 



* OSTEOSPERMUM, Linn. , 



Involucre campanulate or hemispherical ; involucral bracts in 2-3 series. 

 Receptacle naked or setiferous. Outer florets female, 1-seriate, ligulate ; rays spread- 

 ing. Disk-florets hermaphrodite, sterile, tubular; style entire or 2-dentate. Anthers 

 shortly tailed. Achenes straight, incurved or globose, drupaceous ; putamen hard 

 or bony. Pappus 0. Herbs or shrubs, with alternate or opposite entire toothed or 

 sinuate leaves and racemose heads. 



* O. moniliferum, L., 8p. PI 923. A much-branched shrub, 3ft. -5ft. high, 

 glabrous when mature, the young leaves sometimes pubescent. Branches rather 

 stout, striated. Leaves alternate, 2in.-2-|in. long, fin. broad, obovate, subacute, 

 margins irregularly coarsely toothed, narrowed into a short winged petiole. Heads 

 few, fin. in diameter, racemose on leafy peduncles in the upper axils ; involucral 

 bracts 2-3-seriate, lanceolate or oblong-acuminate, entire or serrate. Eays spread- 

 ing, yellow. Disk-florets numerous. Achenes few, globose or ovate, bony, shining 

 when fresh. 



NORTH Island : a garden escape in several localities from Titirangi to the Bast Cape, but 

 permanent only near the Auckland cemetery, where it has been observed for thirty-five years. Oct. 

 to Feb. South Africa. 



* CRYPTOSTEMMA, R. Br. 



Involucre broadly hemispherical ; bracts numerous, in several series, imbri- 

 cating, the outer very short, obtuse, the innermost lanceolate, glabrate. Eeceptacle 

 naked. Florets of the ray ligulate, sterile. Disk-florets numerous, fertile, shortly 

 tubular, 5-toothed, hermaphrodite. Anthers shortly mucronate at the base. Style- 

 arms very short. Achenes oblong, densely woolly. Pappus of 6-8 short scales, hidden 

 by the wool. Perennial herbs, with radical and alternate pinnatifid or pinnately 

 divided leaves and large solitary scapigerous or pedunculate heads. 



* C. calendulacea, B. Br. in Ait. Eort. Kew. ed. II. 141. Stems very short 

 or rarely elongate, prostrate, cottony. Leaves 3in.-6in. long, pinnatifid or unequally 

 pinnately divided segments oblong, ovate or lanceolate, acutely toothed or lobed, 

 white with appressed cottony tomentum beneath, scaberulous above. Scapes or 

 peduncles cottony, naked, shorter than the radical leaves. Involucre fin.— fin. in 

 diameter, glabrate. Eays -^in.-lin. long, narrow, distant. Disk-florets purple. 



NORTH Island : naturalised in pastures and waste places from the Auckland Isthmus to 

 Paikakariki. Gape-weed. Nov. to March. South Africa. 



* ARCTIUM, Linn. 



Heads homogamous ; involucres glandular ; bracts very numerous, imbricate, 

 coriaceous, appressed at the base, narrowed into long stiff radiating spines with 

 hooked tips. Receptacle flat, with rigid subulate scales. Florets hermaphrodite, 

 tubular ; limb campanulate, 5-lobed ; filaments papillose. Anthers with a long ter- 

 minal appendage. Style-arms connate, obtuse, pubescent below Achenes oblong, 

 flattened, transversely wrinkled. Pappus deciduous, of numerous short rough subu- 

 late free bristles. Coarse branching unarmed biennial leafy herbs, with large petioled 

 leaves and corymbose racemose or solitary heads. 



Erect, much branched, 2ft.-4ft. high. Heads |in.-ljin. in diameter, corymbose .. * A.majus. 

 Erect, sparingly branched, lft.-2ft. high. Heads Jin.-fin. in diameter, racemose .. * A. minus. 



* A. majus, Bernh., Syst. Verz. 164. An erect branched biennial, 2ft.-4ft. 

 high. Stem and leaves glabrous or cottony. Leaves lft.-2^ft. long, sometimes 1ft. 

 broad, broadly cordate-ovate, obtuse, sinuate-denticulate or entire ; petioles solid, 



