Carduus.] XXXIX. COMPOSITab. 353 



angular, furrowed. Heads fin.-l^in. in diameter, mostly corymbose, glabrate or 

 webbed ; eoroila-tube exceeding the limb. Achenes yellowish or dark-brown, irre- 

 gularly rugose. 



NORTH and SOUTH Islands: naturalised in Hawke's Bay, Taranaki, Wellington, and 

 Nelson. Greater burdock. Feb. to April. Europe. 



* A. minus, Bernh., I.e. Smaller than the preceding in all its parts, lft.-2ft. 

 high. Eadical leaves cordate-ovate, coarsely toothed or entire ; petioles hollow, 

 slightly furrowed. Stem-leaves mostly cuneate at the base. Heads |-in.-fin. in 

 diameter, racemose or subracemose, the terminal head solitary, shghtly webbed. 

 Florets longer than the spines. Corolla-tube equalling the Umb. Achenes fuscous, 

 with black blotches. 



SOUTH Island: naturalised in waste places, Nelson. Lesser burdock. Feb. to April. 



* CARDUUS, Tourn. 



Involucres ovoid or globose ; bracts imbricating in many rows, rigid, acuminate- 

 spinous-tipped. Eeceptacle bristly or hairy, deeply pitted. Florets all tubular ; 

 tube short, ventricose above ; lobes 5, narrow. Style-arms connate into a cylindrical 

 bifid pubescent column. Achenes oblong, flattish, rarely terete, glabrous. Pappus, 

 hairs in many series, naked, scaberulous, united into a ring at the base. Erect 

 herbs, mostly with spinous-toothed leaves. Stems often winged, spinous. 



Stems with interrupted spinous wings. Heads solitary, large, drooping . . * C. nutans. 



Stems with continuous spinous wings. Heads numerous, sessile, small . . * C. pycnocephalus. 



* C. nutans, L., Sp. PI. 821. Erect, l|-ft.-2ft. high, biennial. Leaves 6in.- 

 12in. long, hairy on both surfaces, veins woolly beneath, lanceolate, waved, entire, 

 sinuate or pinnatifid, spinous. Stems cottony, furrowed ; wings interrupted, spinous. 

 Heads lia.-2in. in diameter or more, solitary, hemispherical, crimson, drooping; 

 involucral bracts with long spinous tips, cottony. Achenes glabrous, granulated. 



SOUTH Island : Pomahaka ; naturalised. Musky thistle. Dec, Jan. Europe. 



* C. pycnocephalus, L., Sp. PL ed. II. 1151. An erect branched annual, 

 2ft. -4ft. high. Branches rather slender. Leaves broadly lanceolate, pinnatifid ; 

 lobes broad, sinuate-toothed or dentate, cottony beneath. Stems with uninterrupted 

 broad deeply-lobed spinous wings. Heads fascicled, sessile, fin.-lin. in diameter ; 

 involucres glabrous or glabrate, narrow ; bracts few, subulate-lanceolate, spinous, 

 tips recurved. Achenes shining, minutely pitted. 



NORTH Island: naturalised, Auckland, Napier, Whanganui, &c. SOUTH Island: Marl- 

 borough, Nelson, Canterbury, a.nd Otago. Jan., Feb. Europe. 



• CNICUS, Linn. 



Characters of Carduus, but the bristles of the pappus plumose to the middle or 

 below. 



Stem winged. Leaves cottony beneach ; lobes large and broad . . . . * C. lanceolatus. 



Stem wingless. Leaves white beneath. Heads very large, clothed with dense 



white web . . . . . . . . ■ • ■ ■ . ■ . . * n. eriovhorus. 



Stem 3ft.-5ft. high, wingless. Leaves narrow-oblong, waved, spinous .. .. * C. arvem-is. 



* C. lanceolatus, Willd., Prod. Fl. Berl. 259. Erect, 2ft.-4:ft. high. Stems 

 winged, furrowed. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, bristly above, cottony 

 below ; lobes bifid, each segment terminating in a long stout spine. Heads few, 



