366 GLOSSARY. 



Apiculus. A short pointed tip. 



Apocarpous. Applied to the pistil when the carpels or ovaries are all free and 



distinct. 

 Appendiculate. (1) Having appendages, as a leaf; (2) of the nature of, or forming, an 



appendage. 

 Appressed. Applied to objects closely pressed to each other for their entire length, 



as hairs against the back of leaves, leaves against the stem, &c. 

 Arouate. Arc-like in form ; bowed ; arched. 

 Areole. A term applied to one of the meshes of cellular tissue, or to a small distinct 



angular space such as those made by the " veins " of leaves. 

 Aril. A membranous pulpy or fleshy appendage growing from the funicle, and 



enclosing the whole or a portion of a seed. 

 Arillate. Applied to seeds having an aril. 

 Arillus. See Aril. 



Aristate. Bearing awns or bristle-like processes. 

 Ascending. Slanting or curving upwards; applied to stems, especially to stems of 



which the lower part rests on the ground. 

 Asepalous. Having no calyx. 

 Auricles. The two lateral lobes formed by the indenture or notch at the base of a 



cordate leaf ; more particularly applied to the lobes of sessile and stem-clasping 



leaves. The term is also applied to any similar lobes, as in the petals of many 



leguminous plants. 

 Auriculate. Having auricles ; more particularly applied to a leaf having pointed 



auricles. 

 Awn. A slender spine or process. 



Axil. The angle between the stem and the upper surface of a leaf or other organ. 

 Axile. Belonging to the axis ; applied to placentation when the ovules are attached 



to the axis of an ovary with two or more cells. 

 Axillary. Growing in the axil. 



Baccate. (1.) Having the form or nature of a berry ; pulpy throughout. (2.) Bearing 

 berries. 



Barbellate. Studded with short, stiff hairs or bristles. 



Base. The end by which a leaf, a part of the flower, a seed, or any other organ is 

 attached to the stem or other organ. 



Basilar. Pertaining to the base. 



Berry. A fruit in which the whole pericarp is fleshy or pulpy, except the outer skin 

 or rind. 



Bifarious. Directed in two ways, or arranged in two opposite rows, as in the case of 

 leaves growing only on opposite sides of a branch. 



Bilabiate. (1) Applied to the aestivation of a five-petalled corolla when two adjoining 

 petals are inside or outside the three others ; (2) two-lipped, appHed to a four- or 

 five-lobed calyx or corolla when the two or three upper lobes stand obviously 

 apart from the others', like an upper lip. 



Biternate. Twice ternately divided. 



Bract. An appendage of the stem, usually differing in form from an ordinary leaf, 

 and being a modified leaf" from the axil of which a flower, or a flower peduncle 

 or pedicel, springs. The involucre in Compositae and in UmbelUferae is formed 

 of bracts : the glumes of grasses are bracts ; the " scales " of cones are lignified 

 bracts. There are, of course, many other modifications of the bract. 



Bracteate. Having bracts. 



Bracteolate. Having bracteoles. 



Bracteoles. The one or two last bracts under each flower, when they differ materially 

 in size, shape, or arrangement from the other bracts. 



