130 LIFE OF ELIB METCHNIKOFF 



tions ; our links with Russia had gradually loosened. 

 He had resigned from the University, discord reigned 

 at the Odessa Bacteriological Institute, conditions of 

 life in Russia were very unfavourable to scientific 

 activity ; in a word, " obstacles from above, from 

 below, and from aU sides," — as Metchnikoff expressed 

 it, — ^gradually led to his resolution to leave his native* 

 country. 



