FARM DAIRYING 



5. Bowl out of balance. 



6. Spindle of bowl bent or iniured by careless 

 handling. 



When the bowl leaks milk, the parts are not 

 properly put together, or the rubber ring has been 

 forgotten or is injured. 



The greatest cause of incomplete skimming is 

 low speed. The separator bowl revolves at a 

 speed of from six thousand to fifteen thousand 

 times a minute, and a pressure equal to fifteen 

 tons to the square inch is exerted on the milk. 

 This is at full speed. When the speed falls but 

 a few revolutions below the tabulated turns per 

 minute, the force on the milk is greatly lessened, 

 and more fat is left in the cream. 



CAUSES FOR VARIATIONS IN CREAM TEST 



Many people who sell cream cannot under- 

 stand why their cream should vary so much in the 

 per cent of fat, and are dissatisfied and grow 

 suspicious that the testing is not properly done. 

 There are many reasons why the fat content of 

 cream may vary. They are : 



1. Speed of the bowl. Slow turning gives a 

 cream of low test, and a greater loss of fat in 

 the skim-milk. 



2. Amount of water or skim-milk used to 



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