PARASITES OF THE NASAL PASSAGES 27 



Necropsy.— In the early stages of the invasion of the Lin- 

 guatula rhinaria they attach themselves to the mucous 

 membrane of the nasal cavities producing an acute inflam- 

 mation. The exudate is increased in quantity and later is 

 mixed with pus covering the surface of the mucous membrane 

 which becomes greatly thickened especially around the 

 turbinated bones and in the nasal chambers. In the later 

 stages necrosis of the turbinated bones and nasal septum 

 may take place. 



The discharge from the nasal passages often contains the 

 parasites, pus, epithelial cells and large numbers of the ovoid 

 eggs. 



Symptoms.— In the early stages the symptoms are par- 

 oxysms of sneezing; obstruction of the nasal passages; a 

 discharge which is at first serous, later becomes mucopurulent, 

 mixed with blood, and has a very offensive odor. Accumula- 

 tions of the dried discharge form crusts at the nasal openings. 

 In animals of a nervous temperament symptoms of excite- 

 ment are noted from reflex irritation of the nasal passages. 

 Severe hemorrhage is seen from the necrosis opening blood- 

 vessels. 



Diagnosis.— The presence of the parasites or eggs in the 

 nasal discharge. 



Prognosis.— Depends upon the number of parasites and the 

 probability of becoming reinfested. 



Treatment.— Medical.— Inhalations of small amounts of 

 chloroform, turpentine, or some other volatile oils. Spray 

 the passages twice daily with creolin (2 per cent.), carbolic 

 acid (2 per cent.), or boric acid (2 per cent.) solution. Re- 

 move the crusts from around the nasal openings with warm 

 creolin solution and apply zinc oxid ointment to the excori- 

 ated membrane and skin. Give internally tincture nux vomica 

 (0.3-0.65) daily; iron and quinin citrate (0.2-0.4) daily. 



Surgical.— Irrigation of the nasal passages with a warm 

 solution of creolin (2 per cent.). This can be done by using 

 a small, soft rubber tube inserted as high up in the nasal 

 passages as possible. Attach a funnel to the other end and 

 pour the solution slowly into it using only a small quantity 

 of the fluid. The nasal passages can also be irrigated through 



