28 DISEASES OF THE NASAL PASSAGES 



the posterior nares by the use of a hard nozzle bent in the 

 form of a curved hook. Depress the head and allow the 

 fluid to flow out through the nasal passages. 



NEOPLASMS OF THE NASAL PASSAGES. 



Papillomata.— These are benign tumors having a frame- 

 work of fibrous tissue and bloodvessels covered by squamous 

 epithelium. The surface of the'tumor is roughened by many 

 elevations and proliferations. Papillomata are most com- 

 monly located around the margins of the nasal openings and 

 especially at the juncture of the skin and mucous membrane. 

 Sometimes they extend a short distance up the nasal passages 

 and may extend to the skin of the lips and the nose. They 

 are found here in two forms: (a) A hard form which presents 

 smooth, rounded elevations on the skin, (b) A soft form, 

 which is pedunculated, has an irregular, broad surface and 

 cauliflower-like appearance. The soft tumors are found on 

 the mucous membrane. In size they vary from that of a 

 millet seed to a walnut. There may be a large number or 

 only a few present'. 



Treatment. — Surgical.— They are removed as follows: 

 The animal should be given an anesthetic (morphin subcu- 

 taneously, or ether inhalation). Sterilize curved scissors, 

 forceps and artery forceps; disinfect the surface of the skin, 

 mucous membrane and tumors with boric acid solution 

 (2 per cent.). Grasp the tumor with the forceps and cut off 

 with the scissors, and if the hemorrhage is persistent use the 

 artery forceps. Alum (2 per cent.) or silver nitrate solution 

 (0.25-0.5) may afterward be applied. The after-treatment 

 consists in washing the surface where the tumors are removed 

 with antiseptic solutions. 



Polypoid Fibromata.— These occur as enlargements on the 

 mucous membrane of the nasal passages and frequently 

 interfere with breathing, producing complete obstruction of 

 one or both passages. 



Treatment.— These are best removed with a fine wire snare. 

 Inject astringent solutions (alum 2 per cent.) up the nasal 

 passages to control the hemorrhage. When this method of 



