ACUTE TRACHEITIS AND BRONCHITIS 37 



General Symptoms.— Moderate temperature (rise of l°-2°), 

 pulse quickened, partial loss of appetite and increased thirst. 

 In severe cases, there is complete loss of appetite, high tem- 

 perature (104°-105°) and general depression. On percussion 

 nothing abnormal is noted, except in cases where the bron- 

 chioli are affected and filled with an exudate where there may 

 be local areas of dulness. 



Auscultation.— In mild cases the vesicular sound is in- 

 creased. In well marked cases the respiratory sounds are 

 harsh with some lengthening of expiration. Absence of sound 

 may be found when obstruction of the bronchi or collapse 

 of lobules occurs. Sibilant and sonorous sounds are typical 

 signs which are due to the irregular narrowing of the calibre 

 of the large and small bronchi respectively. As the secretion 

 becomes more liquid, moist rales are produced in the tubes 

 due to the liquid being driven back and forth by the air 

 currents. The volume of the rale is in proportion to the size 

 of the tube in which it originates. Large, moist, bubbling 

 rales are produced in the large bronchi, and the small, moist 

 rales arise in the smaller tubes. 



Diagnosis.— From the character of the cough, auscultation 

 and general symptoms one may readily detect the presence 

 of acute tracheitis and bronchitis. Careful examination of 

 the animal should be made, however, to determine if the 

 disease is primary or secondary. 



Prognosis.— Favorable in most primary cases; when secon- 

 dary to other diseases the prognosis is not so favorable. In 

 primary cases, the course is usually eight to fourteen days; 

 in secondary it is much longer. 



Treatment.— Hygienic.— The animal must be kept in a 

 warm place (70° F.) having good ventilation but direct 

 currents of cold air must not reach it. 



Dietetic— Light, soft or liquid foods should be used (milk, 

 extract of beef, soups or small amounts of raw or cooked 

 beef). In cases where the animal will not eat, it should be 

 given warm milk to which raw eggs have been added. 



Medical— For the appetite use compound tincture of 

 gentian (0.8-2.0) or tincture of nux vomica (0.3-0.6 drops). 

 In the early stages while the cough is dry and harsh, 



