CHRONIC TRACHEITIS AND BRONCHITIS 45 



oxysms of coughing which are often attended by severe 

 nausea and vomiting. In cases secondary to' other diseases 

 the cough is modified becoming short, isolated and more 

 spasmodic. This is particularly so in chronic bronchitis due 

 to the parasite, Uncinaria canina, and to valvular insuf- 

 ficiency of the heart. The discharge is mucopurulent in 

 character, and is usually swallowed, but during paroxysms 

 of coughing some of it mixed with mucus will be expelled 

 from the mouth. In severe cases when the discharge is 

 decomposed by putrefaction organisms there is a very offen- 

 sive odor given off with the exhaled air. 



Dyspnea.— This is always present to some extent; in old 

 animals it is well marked. The dyspnea results from the 

 emphysema and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis which always 

 develops, and, when secretion is present in large amounts, 

 the dyspnea is increased accordingly, producing asthmatic 

 conditions. On auscultation there are sibilant or there may 

 be moist rales, depending on the condition of the membranes 

 and the character and quantity of the secretion. Vesicular 

 sounds are increased. Percussion usually gives negative 

 results, and only in the more severe cases are the general 

 symptoms of emaciation, loss of appetite, etc., noted. 



Diagnosis.— The long continued course of the disease, the 

 age of the animal, the absence of general symptoms in most 

 cases and the characteristic cough are indicative. 



Prognosis.— In most cases of chronic tracheitis and bron- 

 chitis the prognosis should be considered unfavorable as 

 complete recovery seldom takes place. During the warm, 

 dry months the symptoms often subside only to reappear 

 with the return of the cold, damp weather. 



Treatment.— Symptomatic treatment can be used to alle- 

 viate the cough and to modify the secretions. The following 

 formula? may be used: 



