BRONCHOPNEUMONIA 55 



protoplasm, which are swollen desquamated epithelial cells 

 from the alveolar walls. The disease usually affects both 

 lungs, but may involve only one or even a single lobe or a 

 portion thereof. The affected organ is heavier than normal, 

 somewhat congested, and in its substance can be felt areas 

 of increased consistence. These are friable, of a reddish- 

 gray, gray or grayish-yellow color, contrasting somewhat 

 with the rest of the lung. 



On pressure a turbid fluid can be expressed, in which can 

 be seen small particles of a gray, grayish-yellow, or purulent 

 appearance. From the sporadic distribution of the consoli- 

 dated areas, the term " splenization" has been given to the 

 condition. On section of the lung, both red and gray stages 

 are recognized. The smaller bronchi and bronchioli show 

 inflammation and are filled with exudate. In the alveolar 

 spaces the exudate consists mainly of serum, a few red cells, 

 abundant leukocytes and desquamated cells. The latter fre- 

 quently contain pigment and bacteria. In the form due to 

 inhalation of infective material, or foreign bodies, the exudate 

 is usually purulent. Such a condition leads to a diffuse puru- 

 lent infiltration of the lungs and abscess formation. Occa- 

 sionally gangrene of some of the lung tissue will be noted. 

 This is especially true in weak and debilitated animals with 

 general circulatory disturbance. 



Symptoms.— The symptoms of primary bronchopneumonia 

 develop rapidly, usually beginning with a chill and the animal 

 appears depressed and restless. The temperature is high 

 (104°-105° F.) and falls by crisis. Dyspnea is pronounced, 

 the respirations being short, shallow and very rapid, inflating 

 the cheeks at each expiration. A short painful cough is 

 noticed and the pulse is accelerated (180-200). On auscul- 

 tation the sounds are mostly those of an acute bronchitis 

 (impairment of the vesicular murmur, moist sibilant or 

 sonorous rales). On percussion dulness is noted where there 

 is a large area of consolidation, while in cases where the con- 

 solidated areas are scattered compensatory emphysema may 

 overcome the dulness. In the secondary forms following 

 other diseases (bronchitis, distemper, etc.) the onset is less 

 severe and the symptoms less pronounced. The cough and 



