NEMATODA 211 



(d) Trichosomum tennis simum.— This species has been 

 found in pigeons. It is 10 to 18 mm. long. 



(e) Trichosomum brevicolle. —Male 10 to 12 mm., female 

 20 to 24 mm. long. This parasite is found occasionally in 

 the large intestine of geese. 



Pathology.— These parasites are usually found in the cecum 

 and large intestines but rarely in large numbers. In several 

 cases of parasitic anemia in which whipworms occur other 

 parasites are usually also present. The whipworms are found 

 partly coiled up and attached to the mucous membranes 

 of the posterior bowel. The mucous membrane is slightly 

 thickened and shows small areas of inflammation from the 

 injury produced by the parasites. 



Symptoms.— Gradual emaciation and anemia are the prin- 

 cipal symptoms. The appetite may be variable, and con- 

 stipation and diarrhea alternate. 



General symptoms are rarely noted, unless the infestation 

 has been severe when general anemia occurs. Birds are 

 more often seriously affected than other animals. 



Diagnosis.— This depends entirely upon finding the para- 

 sites or ova in the feces. (See Fecal Examination for Para- 

 sites.) 



Prognosis.— Favorable if the condition is recognized, treat- 

 ment applied early, and before extreme emaciation occurs. 



Treatment.— Thymol, same as for the strongylidse. 



