CASTRATION— ORCHECTOMY 273 



presence of a dark, thickened pad of tissue, and the increase 

 in the size of the scrotum. 



Fibroid thickening of the stroma of the glands is observed 

 as a sequel to orchitis of different forms. The glands have lost 

 their normal resiliency, are hard and non-sensitive. After a 

 time the animal becomes impotent and the glands atrophic. 



(b) Retention cysts are found occasionally in the testicles 

 of the cat and dog. They are characterized by the increase 

 in size of the testicles, and by their soft, elastic feel. A small 

 exploring needle can be used to determine their contents. 



(c) Sarcowiata and carcinomata occur occasionally in the 

 testicles, as secondary growths from other parts of the body. 

 These may develop as unilateral or bilateral tumors. Most 

 cases observed have been unilateral. They are characterized 

 by their rapid growth, their irregular outline, adhesions 

 between the testicles and the scrotum, and their enormous 

 size in some cases. They are always accompanied by acute 

 inflammatory symptoms. 



Treatment. — Castration is the best means of relief, even in 

 the malignant form. 



PARASITES IN THE SCROTUM AND TESTES. 



Ctderebra Emasculator. 



In some localities a fly (Cuterebra emasculator) has been 

 observed which makes punctures in the scrotum in which 

 its eggs are deposited. The larva? develop and induce a 

 reactive inflammation which leads eventually to swelling 

 and destruction of the testicles. The infestation has been 

 observed in several species of animal; it is quite common in 

 squirrels in certain districts. Castration of the animal, or if 

 found early the removal of the larva?, is recommended. 



CASTRATION. ORCHECTOMY. 



In the dog and cat castration is performed in some cases 

 to relieve pathological conditions of the testicles; in others 

 as a remedial measure in enlargement of the prostate gland 

 (chronic prostatitis). It has been proved quite conclusively 



18 



