INFLAMMATION OF THE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE 383 



affected by extension of the joint which will allow the patella 

 to be pulled back to its normal position. Apply linen bandage 

 in order to retain the parts in their normal position. The 

 animal should be kept quiet for several days. A plaster 

 bandage might be used to advantage. 



Tibiotarsal. — This is not very common in small animals. 

 When it does occur it is accompanied by rupture of the liga- 

 ments or fracture of some of the bones. A careful examination 

 should be made to determine the conditions as accurately as 

 possible. Linen bandage should be applied for the first few 

 days, followed by a plaster bandage if necessary. 



Caudal Vertebrae.— The larger breeds of dogs with long 

 tails (Great Dane, greyhound, etc.) are the most frequent 

 sufferers. Examination of the parts will reveal the condition. 

 A bandage applied rather firmly and kept in position for 

 several days will correct the dislocation. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE AND 

 ARTICULATIONS. SYNOVITIS. ARTHRITIS. 



Definition.— An inflammation of the synovial membrane 

 and articular surfaces. The conditions may be acute or 

 chronic. Very often the entire joint will be inflamed (syno- 

 vitis and arthritis). It is very difficult to make a distinction 

 between these two conditions. 



Etiology.— Most cases result from sprains and contusions 

 of the joint. Few result from infection (pyogenic). The 

 infection usually gains entrance through wounds of the syno- 

 vial membrane. 



Symptoms.— Enlargement of the joint, extreme sensitive- 

 ness, and increased local temperature are characteristic 

 symptoms. The animal cannot use the limb to any extent. 

 Examination should be made carefully to differentiate it 

 from articular rheumatism. 



Prognosis.— Favorable in cases resulting from sprains and 

 bruises; unfavorable in infected joints. 



Treatment.— During the early stages of the condition cold 

 applications are applied either in the form of cold water or 

 ice packs which should be carried out conscientiously if the 



