PARASITES IN THE BLADDER 423 



and with a probe-pointed knife the urethra is incised back to 

 the neck of the bladder. The stone, if not too large, is grasp- 

 ed with a suitable forceps and removed. After removal the 

 bladder should be flushed out with a warm boric acid solution 

 (2 per cent.). The vagina should be flushed out daily for a 

 few days. 



(b) In case the stone is too large to be removed through 

 the neck of the bladder without injuring the sphincter vesicae, 

 the operation for cystotomy should be performed as in the 

 male. 



The after-treatment consists in irrigation of the bladder 

 (see Cystitis), and feeding plenty of milk and no meat for a 

 week or ten days. In some cases when hemorrhage takes 

 place following the operation, the catheter should be passed 

 daily to remove the urine and any clots which might form. 



TUMORS OF THE BLADDER. 



There are a few varieties of tumors found involving this 

 organ. The most common ones are: Sarcomata, carci- 

 nomata, and fibromata. ' They will be recognized by the 

 symptoms of chronic cystitis they produce, by the examina- 

 tion of the urine and of the bladder. If necessary laparotomy 

 may be performed and the bladder examined direct. (See 

 Examination of the Bladder.) 



Prognosis.— This is not very favorable, especially if the 

 tumor is malignant. 



Treatment.— Resection of a portion of the bladder wall 

 is to be recommended when the tumor formation is localized, 

 otherwise no treatment can be given. Irrigate the bladder 

 in the same manner as in cystitis. (See Cystitis.) 



PARASITES IN THE BLADDER. 



The Dioctophyirie renale parasite is found occasionally in 

 the bladder. A few cases have been recorded in which 

 species of parasites found in the blood became located in 



