438 DISEASES OF THE BRAIN 



Pathology.— The brain and its coverings are pale and the 

 vessels quite bloodless. The cortex which is normally 

 pinkish-gray in color is almost white and on section of the 

 brain mass appears to be fused with the underlying white 

 mass, the line of demarcation being indistinct. 



Symptoms.— In acute anemia of the brain, the symptoms 

 appear quite suddenly and vary from a slight dizziness to 

 complete insensibility. The pulse is small and weak, the 

 respirations may be slow and labored or accelerated. The 

 mucous membranes of the head are very pale. The pupil 

 of the eye is dilated. There may be convulsions from which 

 the animal gradually recovers or these may be followed by 

 death. The symptoms of chronic anemia are milder and 

 in cases which progress slowly, no symptoms of either 

 motor or psychic disturbances occur. 



Prognosis.— Depends on the direct cause and the possi- 

 bility of its removal. 



Treatment.— Medical.— In acute anemia of the brain, the 

 treatment is stimulative. Any of the cerebral stimulants, 

 as caffein citrate (0.0324-0.1944) subcutaneously, alcohol 

 (2.0-4.0) diluted, if the animal can swallow, or aromatic spirit 

 of ammonia (2.0-4.0) well diluted. 



Surgical.— Artificial respiration and massage should be 

 practiced if the patient requires it. Clysters of normal salt 

 solution are also beneficial, or the solution may be given 

 intraperitoneally. 



Chronic anemia of the brain must be treated by removing 

 the primary cause and treating the general anemia by the 

 administration of tonics, particularly the hematinics (iron 

 and arsenic preparations). Also prescribe a full, rich diet. 



MENINGOENCEPHALITIS. 



Definition.— This is an inflammatory process affecting the 

 brain and its covering membranes. It may be suppurative 

 or non-suppurative. The writer's reason for combining 

 meningitis and encephalitis is, that in practice these diseases 

 cannot be differentiated during the life of the animal, and 



