440 DISEASES OF THE BRAI!\' 



are caused by metastatic emboli, the temperature is ele- 

 vated about two degrees and there are symptoms of paralysis 

 shown, the parts involved depending upon what portion of 

 the brain is affected. Deafness and blindness are not 

 uncommon, showing involvement of the cranial nerves. 



Diagnosis.— Meningo-encephalitis, except for its longer 

 course, cannot be differentiated from acute hyperemia or 

 congestion of the brain. None but the layman would con- 

 fuse it with rabies (see Rabies). 



Prognosis.— The prognosis is unfavorable as less than 20 

 per cent, of cases fully recover. The others usually die 

 within a few days or become chronic "dummies." 



Treatment.— The treatment of meningo-encephalitis varies 

 in no way from that of hyperemia of the brain. 



CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE. APOPLEXY. 



Definition.— This is a hemorrhage involving usually the 

 cortex of the cerebrum, though it may occur in any portion 

 of the brain. 



Etiology. — Cerebral hemorrhage is most frequently seen 

 in old dogs in which there is some degenerative process in 

 the walls of the afferent bloodvessels of the brain. It is 

 also seen in distemper and in the arteriosclerosis which may 

 follow rheumatism. These are predisposing causes. The 

 direct causes are anything which raises the blood pressure, 

 as excitement, violent muscular exercises, etc. 



Pathology.— The hemorrhage occurs usually on the cere- 

 brum from rupture of a capillary. If the hemorrhage is 

 near the surface the membrane covering the brain at that 

 point will be distended and the convolutions will be depressed 

 or flattened. 



The site of the lesion may. contain blood, hemoglobin or 

 a serous fluid, depending upon the age of the lesion. 



Symptoms.— These appear suddenly, usually after play or 

 excitement and are those of paresis or paralysis. The animal 

 drops to the floor or ground and is convulsed with muscular 

 spasms. These may pass off and the animal will rise and 

 walk about in an unsteady manner, or may lose conscious- 



