SCABIES— MANGE— RED MANGE— ITCH 475 



titis may result from both parasitic wounds and scratching 

 especially along under the surface of the neck. Fowls and 

 birds scratch and pick themselves and pluck feathers, and, 

 as the parasites increase gradually, exhibit all the symptoms 

 of cachexia. With increasing numbers of lice emaciation 

 increases, the birds appear droopy and a few may finally 

 die from exhaustion. Canaries and parrots are frequent 

 sufferers with the same symptoms. 



Diagnosis.— The diagnosis of lice is easy when the size of 

 the species is known. Numbers sufficient to cause noticeable 

 symptoms are readily seen. Mange in dogs has been occa- 

 sionally overlooked because the pruritus was ascribed to 

 lice. 



Prognosis.— Phthiriasis is serious and obstinate when young 

 or feeble animals are affected, or when the number of animals 

 is large and they have extensive range. Ordinarily it is not 

 serious if treated, as many remedies are efficacious. Exten- 

 sive obstinate cases reported have often proved to have a 

 coincident infestation with mange mites. 



Treatment.— Cleanliness discourages lice. In short-haired 

 animals it is most easily attained. Long-haired animals should 

 be closely clipped and thoroughly brushed. The use of a 

 creolin solution (2 per cent.) is very effective. It may be 

 used as a bath and applied to kennel and runways. For 

 poultry frequent applications of creolin (2 per cent.) or other 

 parasiticides to the roosts and nesting places are sufficient 

 for most of the birds. A small amount of oil of anise applied 

 under the wing has proved of value in the treatment of 

 canary birds. Sulphur and lard (5.0-20.0) has also been used. 

 Those showing severe symptoms should have special treat- 

 ment. Tobacco or gum camphor placed in the nests is usually 

 necessary to protect incubating fowls and little chicks. 



SCABIES. MANGE. RED MANGE. ITCH. 



Definition.— Mange is a contagious disease of the skin due 

 to so-called mites. 



Etiology.— Two kinds of mites, the Sarcoptes and the 

 Demodex, are the chief ones found on small animals. They 



