CHAPTER IX. 



DISEASES OF THE GLOBE AND ORBIT. 



Injuries to the eyeball are very common. They occur 

 as wounds, lacerations and contusions. Sometimes the 

 eyeball is ruptured. Diseases involving the globe and 

 orbit are also frequent. The following are the most impor- 

 tant: (a) Panophthalmitis, (b) glaucoma, (c) hydrophthal- 

 mus, (d) exophthalmus, (e) luxation of the eyeball, (/) 

 enophthalmus, (<?) strabismus, (h) nystagmus, (i) parasites, 

 (?) fracture of the orbit, (Jc) inflammation of the orbit, (I) 

 tumors of the orbit. 



PANOPHTHALMITIS. 



Definition.— An inflammation of the entire eyeball. It is 

 usually due to injury with infection, or may develop during 

 the course of infectious diseases, the infection being carried 

 to the eye by the blood or lymph. 



Symptoms.— The initial symptoms will vary, depending 

 upon whether the infection enters through wounds (exo- 

 genetic) or is carried by the blood or lymph (endogenic). 

 When panophthalmitis begins in the posterior part of the 

 eye it may escape attention until the anterior portion is 

 involved. In cases of exogenetic origin usually a wound 

 through the cornea or sclera is found out of which pus 

 discharges. In endogenic infection a general congestion of 

 the eyeball is an early symptom. As the disease progresses 

 perforation usually through the cornea with prolapsus of the 

 iris and sometimes the lens follows. As a rule, the eyeball 

 is destroyed. 



Diagnosis.— Panophthalmitis should be differentiated from 

 phlegmonous conjunctivitis and inflammation of other 



