VI ANIMAL TRAINING AND INTELLIGENCE 165 
what it is to feel a sense of help needed or of 
favors received. It is perfectly natural, therefore, 
that almost all trainers should agree that kindness 
(beyond ordinary fair treatment) is wasted upon 
them. “A tigress,” said one of Barnum’s tamers, 
“is as likely to eat you up after six years of atten- 
tion on her as after six days, if she thinks she is 
safe in doing so. You must depend on fear — 
absolute fear alone. Let the beasts know that 
you can and will beat them when they deserve it, 
and they will not hurt you.” 
The celebrated Bidel once tripped and fell in 
the cage of a lion with whom he had been work- 
ing for years, whereupon the brute pounced upon 
him with scarcely a second’s hesitation. 
Nevertheless, here, as elsewhere, there are ex- 
ceptions. European newspapers a few years ago 
told the story of a German woman who was in 
the habit of performing with a lion said to be 
very fond of her. On one occasion, as often 
before, she placed her head within his jaws, and 
it was thought her hair tickled him, thus causing 
him intuitively to close his mouth. So was the 
poor woman killed. When the lion saw what he 
had done, down he lay by the body, and refusing 
to allow it to be removed, declined food, and in 
three days pined. away and died. The story may 
be true, and if so, records one case against a 
thousand. 
Nerve —that is the great secret of the lion- 
