VI ANIMAL TRAINING AND. INTELLIGENCE 173 
ago to a New York Suz reporter how some of 
these antics were taught. To make an elephant 
stand on his hind legs, he is first lifted by an 
apparatus of ropes and pulleys, until he ascertains 
what is expected of him. The military drills and 
so-called dances in figure are acquired by repeated 
rehearsals with men to guide them, but he does not 
keep time with the music, as he seems to do— it 
keeps time with him. 
To make him stand on a barrel or roll it is 
simply a matter of inducing him to remain there ; 
the balancing he attends to himself. The same is 
true of the seesawing, which begins with a plank 
flat on the ground. In order to teach an elephant 
cycling, he is first placed on a wooden arrange- 
ment, with his feet in the right position. When 
he is acquainted with this he is advanced to the 
tricycle itself, which is held steady until he has 
taken his place, when the blocks are removed, the 
pedals go round under his tread, and he soon 
knows that he will not fall and is expected to work 
them. 
These methods are very simple, but several 
months of time, expended in short and frequently 
repeated lessons, delivered with great patience, 
and without missing a day, must be given to in- 
struction, in order to make a success of it. The 
brevity of the lessons is an important considera- 
tion. What is to us no appreciable exertion at 
all requires an effort in the mind of an animal 
