58 



OBJECT LESSONS IN BOTANY. 



Peculiar forms of stamens. — Fig. 169. A stamen of Pyrola rotnndifolia : p, two 

 openings (pores) at top where the pollen escapes. Mg. 170. Stamen of Bilberry 

 ( Tacdninium 'uliginoeuTii) : p^ its pores at the top of two horns ; it has also two 

 spurs. Fig. 171. Berberis aquiiblium, anther dosed. Fig. 172. Anther open by 

 two lids upwards. Fig. 178. Anther of Violet with an appendage at top. Fig. 174. 

 Oleander, — an arrow-shaped anther appendaged at top. Fig. 175. Catalpa, — lobes 

 of anther separated. Fig. 176. Sage,-*lobes of anther widely separated on stipes ; 

 J, barren lobe without pollen. Fig. 111. Mallows, — anther one-celled. Fig. 178. 

 Ephedra, — anther four-celled. 



anthers of Huckleterry, Blueberry, Wintergreen, and others 

 of the Heath family, open through two little tubes at the top. 

 The former is opercular dehiscence, the latter porous. (See 

 Figs. 169, 170.) 



105. It is also interesting to notice how the anther is at- 

 tached to the filament in various ways. Generally, it is 

 innate, that is, seeming to stand erect on the top of the fila- 

 ment. Again, it is adnate, which means, attached by its 

 back to the side of the filament, as in Buttercups. And 

 thii'dly, it is joined by a single point in its back to the slender 

 tip of the filament, as if lightly balanced upon it. This is the 

 versatile anther, common in the Grasses (Figs. 150, 166). 



105. What three distinctions in the attachment of the ajitter? Descrihe 

 that of the stamens of the Pink ; the stamens of Buttercups ; of the Grasses. 



