90 



OBJECT LESSONS IN BOTANY. 



Fig. 291. A ailique,— 

 fruit of Mustard. 



opening by two valves (Fig. 286). Such a pod is sometimes 



divided crosswise by joints (as in.Fig. 287, Desmodium); we 



then call it a lament. 



181. Silique is a two-carpeled pod, such 



as we find in Mustard. It has two cells, 



separated by a thin partition, and two 



rows of seeds (Fig. 291). A short silique, or 



one not much longer than wide, such as 



we find in Pepper-grass or Shepherd's-purse 



(Fig. 288), is called a silide. (See Fig. 290). 

 183. Capsule (the word means casket). 

 'This name is applied to all 

 other forms of dry, compound 

 frnits, formed of several unit- 

 ed carpels. In opening, they 

 commonlj'- split into several valves, as in Iris ; 

 or divide into several parts (carpels) like so 

 many follicles, as in St. Johnswort; or they 

 open by small pores, as in Poppy. 



Fig. 292. A capsule, — fruit of 

 Scrophularia ; it is two-celled, 

 two-carpeled, or two-valved. 



Fig. 293. A three-celled cap- 

 sule of jColchioum ; it opens be- 

 tween the. carpels. 



Fig. 2H4. Capsule of Iris, open- 

 ing into the carpels. 



Fig. 29S. Cross-section of the 

 same, showing how it opens. 



Fig. 296. Fruit of Geranium; 

 its five carpels separate, and are 

 carried up on the curving styles 

 (called a regma)i 



Fig. 290. Silicle 

 of Draba (en- 

 larged). 



181. Mustard pod ; describe its structure and name. - What is a silicle? 



182. What is a capsule ? Wliat three modes of opening are mentioned ? 



