GENKRAL CONSIDERATION OF DISEASE. 41 



Dogs are more frequently injured by biting than other ani- 

 mals although they may inflict lacerated wounds in other ani- 

 mals especially hogs. Horses more frequently than other ani- 

 mals become injured by pawing, rearing, kicking, falling and 

 colliding with foreign objects. The majority of barbwire 

 wounds are the result of pawing over or through a wire fence. 

 Rearing frequently results in straining the calcaneo-cuboid liga- 

 ment thus producing a curb. Slipping may cause the straining 

 of tendons, thus jjroducing curbs and spavins as well as ten- 

 donitis. Falling may produce strained tendons and is the usual 

 cause of dislocations, rupture, hernia, volvulus and fractures. 

 Runaway horses and mules frequently collide with fences, trees, 

 buildings, and various vehicles, as buggies, wagons, street cars, 

 etc., and thus produce a variety of injuries. 



Ill-fitting shoes are responsible for contracted feet, strained 

 tendons and ligaments, speedv cuts and bruises by interfering. 

 Illfitting collars produce galled shoulders, sore neck, cerebral 

 venous congestion and sweeney. Illfitting harness produces 

 sweene}", sore neck, sore back, galled sides, rump and tail, an 

 illfitting bridle causes irritation of the mouth, injuries tij the 

 eyes, the ears and the throat-latch region, and poll evil. Except- 

 ing the snre mouth, illfitting halters produce the same results as 

 illfitting bridles. Illfitting saddles produce sore backs, sitfasts, 

 injury in the region of girth and bruises resulting in fistulous 

 withers. 



Attendants may inflict injuries of various types. Several 

 cows in a dairy recently observed, were all lame in the right 

 hind leg. Upon closer inspection the right tarsal joint was 

 found enlarged and sensitive. One man had been milking all 

 the affected cows and finally admitted that he had either kicked 

 or struck each lame cow upon the tarsal joint. 



Bandages are frequently so tightly wound upon a part that 

 they obstruct circulation thus producing venous congestion, 

 which predisposes to infection. Some case^, have been observed 

 in which splints improperly applied to support a part have 

 resulted in venous congestion, oedema and necrosis. Careless 

 individuals will place rubber bands upon dogs' tails, ears, and 

 feet to see the animals remove them. The dog will sometimes 

 fail to remove the rubber band, which, by pressure, may divide 

 the skin and soft tissues, and finally cause the portion distal 

 to the band to become necrotic and slough. 



Shooting occasionally causes mechanical injury to animals 

 in pastures? especially during the hunting season. This is more 

 frequently the source of inj\.ry during a war, and a kno\vledge 



