MALFOR.MATKJN'S. 



95 



Micromclus. A malformation so named because of the 

 dmimished size of all let^s. This is eaused either by diminished 

 nutrition or undue pressure. 



The followino- arc illustrations of arrested development mani- 

 fested by absence of imperfect tissue union, thus producing- 

 hssures ( schistoses) , or resultino- in fusion of parts that ar"^ 

 normally separate (synactoses). Fissures of the body cavities 

 are due to increased accumulation of Huids in internal or-ans 

 increased size of internal oro-ans, prolapse of viscera Ijefore 

 body walls have united, the presence of amniotic folds between 

 cleft edqes or lack of sufficient tissues to close the maroins. 



L raiiioschisis. The name of a condition produced by fail- 

 ure of development and union of the cranial bones and resulting 

 m a cleft. The meninges and in some instances the brain 

 tissue may be exposed or there may be profusion of the menin- 

 ges and als.T of the nerve tissue, thus producing meningocele 

 or meningi i-encephalocele. 



I'^is. lii;, — CranidNCliifsis- 



Craiiioniiacliischisis. A malformed individual so called be- 

 cause of a fissure of the spine and cranium accomj)anied Ijy 

 exposure or profusion of the spinal cord and brain. 



RhachiscJiisis. A condition i.n which there is a cleft of the 

 spinal column. This malformation is usually the result of some 

 defect in the margins of the neural groove. If the fissure ex- 

 tends the entire length of the spinal column the resulting con- 

 dition is called holoschisis. If the fissure does not extend the 



