200 VETERINARY PATHOLOGY. 



CLOUDY SWELLING. 



DEFINITION. 



OCCURRENCE. 



ETIOLOGY. 



C hemic. 



Bacterial products. 

 Phosphorous, Arsenic, etc. 



Tiler mic. 

 APPEARANCE. 



Macroscopic. 



.Microscopic. 

 TIS.S'UE AFFECTED. 



Epithelium. 



Aluscle. 



Ner-oe. 

 EFFECTS. 



Cloudy swelling-, albuminous, granular or parenchymatous 

 degeneration is a retrograde metamorphosis in which the proto- 

 plasm of the cell becomes granular. The granules in cells affected 

 with cloudy swelling are albuminous, at any rate they are solu- 

 ble in an excess of a 2'/o solution of acetic acid or a 1% solution 

 of potassium hydroxide, and give the typical albumin reaction 

 to the xanthoprotein test. Active glandular cells, especially those 

 that produce ferments, are normally granular ; but the granules 

 in these cells do not respond to the foregoing tests and hence are 

 not albuminuus. Cells in the earlier stage of fatty degeneration 

 are granular but the granules are not dissolved by solution of 

 acetic acid o/ potassium hydroxide, and they are dissolved by 

 ether or chluroform and are stained red with Sudan IH. There- 

 fore they are fat granules. 



Cloudv swelling probably occurs more frequently than any 

 other retrogressive change. It invariably affects parenchymatous 

 cells in areas afflicted with acute inflammation and is usually 

 associated with infective diseases. 



Etiology. — The causes of cloudy swelling may be divided in- 

 to two groups, Chemic and Thermic. 



Cliciiiic substances produce cloudv swelling either by influ- 

 encing the action of cell enzyms, thus causing the separation 

 (coagulation) of the cell albumins, or bv combination with the 

 albumins of the cell protoplasm thus forming new compounds 

 (albuminate of mercury, etc.) that are of no value to the cell. 

 Excessive quantities ijf albuminous substances ma}' be assimi- 

 lated by the cells, the unused portion becoming coagulated or 

 rendered insolu1)le as it accummulates, thus producing cloudv 

 swelling. The chemic sul:)stances that produce cloudy swelling 

 are usually soluble and are in solution in the blood or lymph 

 from which they readilj diffuse into the cell body where they 

 exert their action. 



