236 



VETERINARY I'ATUOLOGY. 



Gastric Calculi (gastrolitlis ) occur in the paunches or reticiila 

 of caltle, sheep and goats. They are exceptionally rare in the horse 

 and hog, and probably never occur in dogs and cats. 



Intestinal Cahuli or enteroliths are found in the large intes- 

 tine of the horse, especially those fed upon, bran. These cal- 

 culi are composed primarily of ammonio-magnesium phosphate, 

 the magnesium phosphate being dissolved out of the bran by the 

 acid of the gastric juice and uniting with nascent ammonia form- 

 ing an almost insoluble phosphate. Enteroliths may be of enor- 

 mous size, in some cases, weighing as much as ten kilograms 

 (22 lbs.). These calculi are likely to cause erosions of the mucous 



Fig. 125. — Photograph of an Intestinal Calculus having a circumference 

 of 1- inches and weighing 3 pounds. 



membrane as well as ol)struction tif the lumen of the intestine. 

 Linch, of Albany, N. Y., reported a case in the Review, 1906, in 

 which a calculus weighing 3.4 kilograms (/^^ lbs.) was found. 

 Gage reported a case in which a calculus weighing .9 kilo- 

 grams produced fatal results. Hodgkins and Son of Hanlev, Eng- 

 land. reccTUl}' obtained three enteroliths, each weighing 1.6 kilo- 

 grams (31 2 lbs.) from the intestine of a horse. 



Biliary Culcnii ( Choleliths ) are not rare in the domestic ani- 

 mals. Thev vary from the size of a pea to a baseball, are tinted 

 yellow, brown, red, green, or may be chalk white in color. Fre- 

 quentlv thev occur in large numl)crs, are variable in shape, and 

 structure. They are usually composed of biliary pigme.nts in 



