TUMORS. 271 



kilogram (26 2/5 lbs.) chondroma was obtained from the ster- 

 num of a fifty kilogram (110 lbs.) sheep. All of the above tum- 

 ors were of sufficient size to mechanically inconvenience the 

 animals afflicted, and in one case resulted fatally. From the 

 enormously large tumors there are all gradations to those 

 miscroscopic in size, miliary tumors. The size of tumors is 

 determined to some extent by the amount of nourishment sup- 

 plied, the kind of tissue of which they are composed, and their 

 location. 



Shape. — The form of tumors is largely determined by the loca- 

 tion and the kind of tissue in which they occur. They may be 

 spherical, ovoid, elliptoid, nodular, miliary, tubercular fungoid, 

 polypoid, tabular, elongated cylindrical etc. Where there is no 

 resistance or only a slight resistance there is a tendency to 

 sphericit^^ In outline they may be regular or irregular, smooth, 

 nodular or even granular and in some oases the exact outline 

 cannot be determined. Large tumors that in shape approach a 

 sphere are designated as spherical, ovoid, elliptoid, etc. Those 

 that vary in size from a pigeon egg to a small pea are spoken 

 of as nodular tumors. Miliary tumors are small spherical 

 growths varying from a small pea to those microscopic in size. 

 Spherical or oval tumors causing an elevation in the tissue in 

 which they grow are known as tubercular tumors. Fungoid or 

 projecting tumors are those that develop from the surface 

 or sub-surface tissue, being attached to the normal tissue liy a 

 wide base. Polypoid tumors or polypi have the same origin and 

 project as fungoid tumors, but are attached by means of a 

 small pedicle. Tabular tumors are flat and usually develop be- 

 neath the surface and especially beneath fasciae, tendons or liga- 

 ments. 



Color. — The color of tumors is dependent upon; first- tlie 

 kind of tissue composing them ; second, pigmentation ; third, 

 degeneration; and fourth, the amount of blood they contain. A 

 rhabdomyoma is mnre intensely colored than a fibroma, provided 

 that the blood supply is the same in both, because of the hemo- 

 globin in the muscular tissue. Melanomata and chloromata are 

 so classified because of the deposition of pigment in them. Tum- 

 ors, like normal tissues, become changed in color as a result of 

 the various degenerations. Those having a limited blood supply 

 are pale in color, while those having a large blood supply are 

 highly colored. Hemorrhages may result in a deposition of 

 hemoglobin or some of its derivatives, thus giving the tumor 

 a moUled appearance. Mottling may also result from an un- 

 equal blood supply. 



