li\FI-H riVl'; CKANUHJiMATA. 3(il 



actinomycotic pus. The former is not sticky or tenacious, and 

 does not contain the small, yellow, gritty i;ranules fdund 

 in the latter. The capsule (jf an actinonijcotic i;ro\\tli is 

 thicker and denser than the capsule of a tubercular growth. The 

 two diseases can he differentiated positively by microscopic ex- 

 amination of the ])us and the lesion. The Bacterium of tulier- 

 culosis would be found in tubercular pus and the Cladothrix 

 actiiiomyces in the actinomycotic pus. Tid^ercular lesions are 

 characterized by the presence of the horse shoe giant cell, the 

 actinomycotic giant cell is irregular in outline and size, is poly- 

 nuclear, the nuclei being scattered indiscriminately thrciugh the 

 the cell body. 



Nodular disease, th(_)ugh not yery prevalent in cattle may be 

 mistaken for actinomycosis. The nodules of nodular disease 

 are in the intestinal wall. The j^us in the nodule is greenish yel- 

 low in color, and though fluid in the early stages, it laier be- 

 comes caseous l)ut never contains the calcareous granules. 

 Microscopically the finding- of the Cladothrix actinomyces m 

 actinomycotic lesions or pus and the absence of this fungus in 

 the lesions of nodular disease is sufficient for differentiation. 



From abscesses the dift'erentiation may be made by the pecul- 

 iarity of the pus, and the capsule, which is usually much mure 

 dense in actinomycotic lesions than in abscesses. 



Osteosarcomata may |M-(iduce lesiims in 1:)one similar t<> actin- 

 omycotic lesions. A microscopic examination is ah\ays suffi- 

 cient for ditfereniialion of these diseases. 



Ovine actinon^yc'1-.is niav "he confounded with ovine caseous 

 lymphadenitis and nodular disease. Ovine caseous lymphaden- 

 itis is essentially a disease of lymphoid tissue characterized by 

 the formation of greenish yellow jms that later caseates in con- 

 centric layers, but never contains gritty granules. The color of 

 the pus and the arrangement of the caseated necrotic tissue is 

 usually sufficient for dift'erentiation of ovine caseous lymphaden- 

 itis from actinomycosis. 



The remarks on the dift'erentiation of nodular disease in 

 bovines is equally applicable to ovines. 



OL.ANDET^S. 



Glanders is a specific, infective disease, especially affecting 

 equines, caused by the bacterium mallei. 



Glanders is prevalent in all countries with the possible ex- 

 ception of Iceland, Australia, and some isolated islands. The 

 disease is found in practically all parts of the United States. It is 



